Nutrition

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the body to the blood stream

Question 2

Anorexia

Answer 2

lack or loss of appetite for food

Question 3

Anthropometric

Answer 3

measurements of the body and body parts

Question 4

Aspiration

Answer 4

misdirection of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract

Question 5

Basal metabolism

Answer 5

amount of energy required to carry out involuntary activities of the body at rest

Question 6

Body mass index

Answer 6

ratio of height to weight

Question 7

Calorie

Answer 7

measure of heat or energy; kilocalorie commonly referred to as a calorie, defined as the amount of heat required to raise 1 kg of water to 1 degree Celsius

Question 8

Carbohydrate

Answer 8

organic compounds (commonly known as sugars and starches) that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the most abundant and least expensive source of calories in the diet worldwide.

Question 9

Cholesterol

Answer 9

fat-like substance found only in animal tissues; it is important for cell membrane structure, a precursor of steroid hormones, and a constituent of bile; high serum cholesterol levels are a risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis.

Question 10

Digestion

Answer 10

gastrointestinal system’s breakdown process of food into particles small enough to pass into the cells and be used by the cells.

Question 11

Dysphagia

Answer 11

difficulty swallowing or inability to swallow

Question 12

Enteral nutrition

Answer 12

alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the gastrointestinal tract to allow instillation of the appropriate formula.

Question 13

Gastric residual

Answer 13

feeding remaining in the stomach

Question 14

Gastrostomy

Answer 14

opening created in the stomach

Question 15

Ketosis

Answer 15

an abnormal accumulation of ketone bodies that is frequently associated with acidosis.

Question 16

Lipid

Answer 16

group name of fatty substances, including fats, oils, waxes, and related compounds.

Question 17

Minerals

Answer 17

inorganic elements found in nature

Question 18

Nasogastric tube

Answer 18

tube inserted through the nose into the stomach.

Question 19

Nasointestinal tube

Answer 19

tube inserted through the nose and into the upper portion of the small intestine.

Question 20

NPO

Answer 20

nothing by mouth

Question 21

Nutrient

Answer 21

specific biochemical substance used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury.

Question 22

Nutrition

Answer 22

study of nutrients and how they are handled by the body, as well as the impact of human behavior and environment on the process of nourishment.

Question 23

Obesity

Answer 23

weight greater than 20% above ideal body weight

Question 24

Parentera nutrition

Answer 24

nourishment provided via IV therapy

Question 25

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube

Answer 25

surgically or laparoscopically placed gastrostomy tube.

Question 26

Peripheral parenteral nutrition

Answer 26

prescribed for patients who require nutrient supplementation through a peripheral vein because they have an inadequate intake of oral feedings.

Question 27

Protein

Answer 27

vital component of every living cell; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Question 28

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Answer 28

recommendations for average daily amounts of essential nutrients that healthy population groups should consume over time.

Question 29

Total parenteral nutrition

Answer 29

nutritional therapy that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract for patients who are unable to take food orally; meets the patient’s nutritional needs with a highly concentrated, hypertonic nutrient solution administered intravenously through a central vein.

Question 30

Trans fat

Answer 30

partially hydrogenated liquid oil; trans-fat raises serum cholesterol.

Question 31

Triglycerides

Answer 31

predominant form of fat in food and the major storage form of fat in the body.

Question 32

Vitamins

Answer 32

organic substances needed by the body in small amounts to help regulate body processes; are susceptible to oxidation and destruction.

Question 33

Waist Circumference

Answer 33

a numerical measurement of the waist, used to assess an individual’s abdominal fat and establish ideal body weight.