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Health Differences > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A

vitamin A, D, E, K

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2
Q

phytonadione

A

vitamin K

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3
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, and K

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4
Q

tetracycline should not be taken with what type of foods?

A

dairy products decrease absorption

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5
Q

Nutrients

A

Specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, health maintenance and recovery from illness or injury.

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6
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B-complex vitamins and Vit C

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7
Q

niacin is a B-complex vitamin that may be given to combat…

A

pellagra and hyperlipidemia

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8
Q

absorption of this drug used for hypothyroidism is erratic when taken with food

A

levothyroxine (synthroid)

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9
Q

antacids and certain antibiotics can decrease the absorption of what mineral?

A

iron

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10
Q

Copper is needed for production of what neurotransmitters?

A

dopamine and norepinephrine

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11
Q

vitamin that comes from both intestinal flora and diet that is needed for prothrombin and certain clotting factors.

A

vitamin K

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12
Q

vitamins

A

organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts. most vitamins act as coenzymes that work with enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions in the body.

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13
Q

vitamin with antioxidant properties that also protects RBCs from hemolysis.

A

Vitamin E

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14
Q

vitamin that is essential for bone and epithelial tissue growth and also responsible for night vision

A

vitamin A

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15
Q

water soluble vitamins commonly administered to alcoholics

A

B-complex vitamins

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16
Q

zinc and what class of meds should not be taken together?

A

zinc and antibiotics

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17
Q

water soluble vitamin required for collagen synthesis, absorption of iron and conversion of folic acid into folate

A

vitamin C

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18
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

vitamin C, B complex vitamins

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19
Q

are vitamins synthesized in the body?

A

no, they must come from outside sources

20
Q

mineral responsible for hemoglobin regeneration

A

iron (ferrous sulfate)

21
Q

riboflavin is a B-complex vitamin sometimes given for…

A

dermatologic problems

22
Q

this beta-blocker and this lipid-lowering agent should be taken with food to increase absorption

A

Lopressor (metoprolol) and Lovastatin (Mevacor)

23
Q

B-complex vitamins

A

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine

24
Q

Micronutrients

A

Used to regulate and control body processes. Required in much smaller amounts than macros. Vitamins and minerals.

25
Q

___ is helpful in controlling type II DM (non-insulin dependant) by increasing effects of insulin on cells

A

chromium

26
Q

Pts taking Dilantin (phenoytoin) to control Sz should be cautious when taking ___ ___ because it can lower serum levels of phenoytoin increasing Sz risk.

A

folic acid

27
Q

are water soluble vitamins stored in the body?

A

no, daily intake required

28
Q

Essential nutrients

A

Nutrients that are not synthesized in the body or are not synthesized in sufficient amounts therefore, must be supplied by diet or supplements

29
Q

Vitamin that plays a major role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and is required for calcium absorption.

A

vitamin D

30
Q

B12 promotes…

A

RBC development and myelin in the CNS

31
Q

Macronutrients

A

Essential nutrients that supply energy and build tissue.

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

32
Q

B-complex vitamins

A

thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, folate, B12, pantothenic acid, biotin

33
Q

when should vitamin supplements be taken?

A 
periods of rapid body growth
pregnant/breastfeeding
malabsorptive issues (ie Crohn's)
inadequate diets
alcoholism
poor intake/malnurishment
34
Q

Nutrition

A

The study of how food nourishes the body

35
Q

selenium works with vitamin E to decrease…

A

oxidative damage to cells (antioxidant)

36
Q

beriberi, Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome are the result of…

A

vitamin B deficiency caused by alcoholism

37
Q

why are megadoses of vitamins not recommended?

A

megadoses of fat soluble vitamins can be toxic and large doses of water-soluble vitamins just cause excess to be wasted in urine with no added benefit.

38
Q

folic acid deficiency during the 1st trimester of pregnancy may cause CNS and neural tube problems such as…

A

spina bifida and anencephaly (lack of brain mass)

39
Q

main functions of folic acid

A

DNA synthesis and cellular division

40
Q

tetracycline

A

anti-infective used to treat unusual organisms such as: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Ricksettsia, etc.

41
Q

FDA recommends that, in addition to diet, any woman who may become pregnant should also take…

A

supplemental folic acid because synthetic folate is more stable than food.

42
Q

Nonessential nutrients

A

Do not need to be supplied by diet because they are either not required by the body or they are synthesized in sufficient amounts.

43
Q

antidote for oral anti-coagulant overdose

A

vitamin K

44
Q

Pt’s on these antidepressant meds should avoid foods that are high in tyramine (cheese, wine, organ meat, beer, yogurt, sour cream or bananas) because the combination can cause a sympathomimetic effect resulting in hypertensive crisis.

A

MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)

45
Q

are fat soluble vitamins stored in the body?

A

yes, in adipose tissue and the liver

46
Q

two types of vitamins

A

fat-soluble and water-soluble

Health Differences (7 decks)

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