Nutrition Flashcards
Fat-soluble vitamins
vitamin A, D, E, K
phytonadione
vitamin K
fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, and K
tetracycline should not be taken with what type of foods?
dairy products decrease absorption
Nutrients
Specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, health maintenance and recovery from illness or injury.
water soluble vitamins
B-complex vitamins and Vit C
niacin is a B-complex vitamin that may be given to combat…
pellagra and hyperlipidemia
absorption of this drug used for hypothyroidism is erratic when taken with food
levothyroxine (synthroid)
antacids and certain antibiotics can decrease the absorption of what mineral?
iron
Copper is needed for production of what neurotransmitters?
dopamine and norepinephrine
vitamin that comes from both intestinal flora and diet that is needed for prothrombin and certain clotting factors.
vitamin K
vitamins
organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts. most vitamins act as coenzymes that work with enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions in the body.
vitamin with antioxidant properties that also protects RBCs from hemolysis.
Vitamin E
vitamin that is essential for bone and epithelial tissue growth and also responsible for night vision
vitamin A
water soluble vitamins commonly administered to alcoholics
B-complex vitamins
zinc and what class of meds should not be taken together?
zinc and antibiotics
water soluble vitamin required for collagen synthesis, absorption of iron and conversion of folic acid into folate
vitamin C
water soluble vitamins
vitamin C, B complex vitamins
are vitamins synthesized in the body?
no, they must come from outside sources
mineral responsible for hemoglobin regeneration
iron (ferrous sulfate)
riboflavin is a B-complex vitamin sometimes given for…
dermatologic problems
this beta-blocker and this lipid-lowering agent should be taken with food to increase absorption
Lopressor (metoprolol) and Lovastatin (Mevacor)
B-complex vitamins
thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine
Micronutrients
Used to regulate and control body processes. Required in much smaller amounts than macros. Vitamins and minerals.
___ is helpful in controlling type II DM (non-insulin dependant) by increasing effects of insulin on cells
chromium
Pts taking Dilantin (phenoytoin) to control Sz should be cautious when taking ___ ___ because it can lower serum levels of phenoytoin increasing Sz risk.
folic acid
are water soluble vitamins stored in the body?
no, daily intake required
Essential nutrients
Nutrients that are not synthesized in the body or are not synthesized in sufficient amounts therefore, must be supplied by diet or supplements
Vitamin that plays a major role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and is required for calcium absorption.
vitamin D
B12 promotes…
RBC development and myelin in the CNS
Macronutrients
Essential nutrients that supply energy and build tissue.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
B-complex vitamins
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, folate, B12, pantothenic acid, biotin
when should vitamin supplements be taken?
periods of rapid body growth pregnant/breastfeeding malabsorptive issues (ie Crohn's) inadequate diets alcoholism poor intake/malnurishment
Nutrition
The study of how food nourishes the body
selenium works with vitamin E to decrease…
oxidative damage to cells (antioxidant)
beriberi, Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome are the result of…
vitamin B deficiency caused by alcoholism
why are megadoses of vitamins not recommended?
megadoses of fat soluble vitamins can be toxic and large doses of water-soluble vitamins just cause excess to be wasted in urine with no added benefit.
folic acid deficiency during the 1st trimester of pregnancy may cause CNS and neural tube problems such as…
spina bifida and anencephaly (lack of brain mass)
main functions of folic acid
DNA synthesis and cellular division
tetracycline
anti-infective used to treat unusual organisms such as: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Ricksettsia, etc.
FDA recommends that, in addition to diet, any woman who may become pregnant should also take…
supplemental folic acid because synthetic folate is more stable than food.
Nonessential nutrients
Do not need to be supplied by diet because they are either not required by the body or they are synthesized in sufficient amounts.
antidote for oral anti-coagulant overdose
vitamin K
Pt’s on these antidepressant meds should avoid foods that are high in tyramine (cheese, wine, organ meat, beer, yogurt, sour cream or bananas) because the combination can cause a sympathomimetic effect resulting in hypertensive crisis.
MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
are fat soluble vitamins stored in the body?
yes, in adipose tissue and the liver
two types of vitamins
fat-soluble and water-soluble
