Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals Exam 3 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: General signs

A
  • tired
  • listless
  • low energy
  • impaired coordination
  • decreased cognition
  • tremors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: weight

A

low or high weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: skin

A
  • dry
  • scaly
  • flaky
  • bruised
  • pale and/or abnormal pigmentation
  • petechiae
  • poor wound healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

petechiae

A

a small red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: nails

A

brittle, pale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: hair

A

dull, dry, brittle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: eyes

A
  • sunken
  • pale
  • red conjuntiva
  • dryness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: lips

A
  • swollen
  • red
  • cracked
  • vertical fissures
  • pale
  • dry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: tongue

A
  • swollen
  • beefy red
  • increased or decreased size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: gums

A
  • swollen
  • bleed easily
  • spongy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: GI

A
  • anorexia
  • diarrhea
  • indigestion
  • constipation
  • enlarged liver
  • ascites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ascites

A

the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: Muscles

A
  • flaccid
  • wasted
  • underdeveloped
  • weak
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: nervous system

A
  • sensory loss
  • mental confusion
  • irritability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

signs of inadequate nutrition: immune system

A
  • always sick
  • stays sick longer than most
  • illnessess more severe than most
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carbohydrate

A

major source of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lipids

A
  • source of energy
  • essential for absorbing some fat-soluble vitamins
  • aids in blood clotting, inflammatory, and immune response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Proteins

A
  • amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are necessary for tissue growth and repair
  • only nutrient that can make new cells and repair damaged tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vitamins

A

regulate body functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

A
  • A
  • D
  • E
  • K
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A
  • B complex
  • C
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vitamin A

A

eye functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vitamin D

A

calcium absorption and transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vitamin E

A

antioxidant, reduces the formation of dangerous radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Vitamin K

A

coagulation cascade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Vitamin B complex

A

cellular functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Vitamin C

A

tissue healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Minerals

A
  • bone and teeth formation
  • nerve and muscle function
  • fluid and electrolyte balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Examples of minerals

A
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus
  • Iron
  • Zinc
  • Iodine
  • Magnesium
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
30
Q

Electrolyte imbalances could be…

A

life threatening

31
Q

ChooseMyPlate.gov

A
  • outlines suggested food intake by food groups
  • provides valuable information to individuals and family regarding the five food groups that help a healthy diet
32
Q

5 food groups recognized by ChooseMyPlate.gov

A
  1. fruits
  2. veges
  3. grains
  4. protein
  5. dairy
33
Q

Normal BMI

A

18.5 - 24.9

34
Q

Underweight BMI

A

< 18.5

35
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25 - 29.9

36
Q

Obese BMI

A

> 30

37
Q

Nutritional Assessment

A
  • general assessment of patient’s presentation
  • nutritional interview
  • recent weight gain or loss
  • mobility status
  • psychological stress
  • height and weight for BMI calculation
38
Q

Factors affecting nutrition

A
  • age
  • socioeconomic status
  • education
  • stress
  • culture
  • comorbidities
  • dentition
39
Q

Nutrition in the elderly

A
  • hunger sensation decreased
  • worsened absorption
40
Q

Nutrition for babies

A

dependent on parents

41
Q

Infants nutritional considerations

A
  • nutritional intake affected by mother’s nutrtional status when breastmilk is the primary source of nutrition
  • Greatly influenced by the caregiver’s understanding of nutrition
  • Solid foods usually introduced between 4-6 months
42
Q

Toddlers nutritional considerations

A

cut into small chunks smaller than toddler’s airways to reduce choking risk

43
Q

School aged children nutritional considerations

A
  • require 2400 calories
  • over 20% are obese
  • primary source of nutrition from school lunches
44
Q

Adolescents nutritional considerations

A

1800-3200 calories depending on activity level

45
Q

Adults nutritional considerations

A
  • early adulthood habits become patterns into adult life
  • 2000 calorie recommend for active adult
  • 2-3 liters of fluid intake recommended
  • sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of multiple diseases
46
Q

Older adults nutritional considerations

A
  • dentition and swalling often impaired
  • sense of thirst, taste, and smell decreased
  • meds affect taste
  • may not be allowed to eat certain things
  • constipationdue to peristalsis
  • lower caloric needs
47
Q

Cultural impacts on nutrition

A
  • impact food choices
  • based on location, tradition, religion, food availability in the culture of origin
  • impacts food prep and consumption
48
Q

Regular diet

A
  • balanced
  • approx. 2000 calories
  • no restrictions on salt, caffeine, fluid intake, sugar, or any electrolytes
49
Q

Cardiac diet

A
  • low fat
  • low sodium
  • no caffeine
  • no canned food, highly processed foods, caffeinated drinks
  • low cholesterol foods
  • baked rather than fried
  • fresh, unsalted veges
  • brown rice
  • broth soups vs. creams
  • decaf
  • egg whites rather than whole
  • turkey instead of pork
  • wheat vs. white
  • herb packet vs. salt
50
Q

Carb consistent diet

A
  • aka “diabetic diet”
  • carbs given in smaller portions and spread throughout the day
  • sugar substitute used when cooking
  • diet drinks allowed
51
Q

Renal diet

A

Kidneys can’t filter off electrolyte and protein

  • low sodium
  • low potassium
  • low phosphorus
  • low protein
  • avoid high potassium foods
  • avoid high phosphorus foods
52
Q

Foods high in potassium

A
  • avocados
  • bananas
  • melons
  • oranges
  • plantains
  • potatoes
  • bran
  • beans
  • prunes
  • raisins
  • artichokes
  • kale
  • spinach
  • tomatoes
  • granola
  • brown, wild rice
53
Q

Foods high in phosphorus

A
  • whole grain breads
  • dark sodas
  • bran cereals/oatmeals
  • nuts and sunflower seeds
54
Q

Mechanical diet

A
  • foods are softer and easier to chew for those without teeth
  • meats and vegetables are moist and often extra gravy and sauces are added to ease in swallowing
  • shepherd’s pie
  • beans
  • mashed potatoes
  • mac and cheese
  • casseroles
  • very cooked veges
  • scrambled eggs
  • grits
  • oatmeal
55
Q

Puree diet

A
  • all foods are pureed for those that have difficulty swallowing or have aspiration precautions
  • no bread or fresh fruits
  • canned fruits
  • cottage cheese
  • mashed potatoes and gravy
  • ground meats
  • veges
56
Q

Low Residue Diet

A
  • bowel conditions it is important to restrict fiber
  • recommended:
    • cooked vegetables,
    • potatoes without skin,
    • starches made from refinded flours (saltines, white bread, white pasta)
    • mildly flavored meats and cheeses
  • avoid:
    • uncooked vegetables
    • juices with pulp
    • prunes
    • whole grains or pasta
    • bran cereal or oatmeal
    • raisins
    • nuts and seeds
    • chunky peanut butter
    • hotdogs
    • strongly flavored meats and cheeses
57
Q

Full Liquid Diet

A
  • Recovering from surgery or bowel impairment
  • Foods are liquid at room temperature or melt at body temperature
  • milk, cream soups, custards, or pudding
  • strained cereals, ice cream, sherbert juices
58
Q

Clear liquid diet

A
  • first food to be given after surgery
  • recovering from bowel impairment, surgery, or nausea/vomiting
  • all liquids that you can see through
  • gelatin without additives, cola, tea, broth, cranberry or apple juice, popsicles that melt into clear liquids
59
Q

Low Sodium Diet

A
  • high BP patients
  • Edema patients
  • High Sodium patients
  • 670mg to 2gm sodium in diet
  • need at least 500mg sodium in diet to maintain electrolyte balance

Recommend:

  • fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables
  • uncured meats

Avoid:

  • cured or processed meats or cheeses
  • breaded foods
  • canned foods
  • processed or instant foods
60
Q

1500mL Fluid Restriction

A
  • Patients with fluid volume excess
  • S/S:
    • edema
    • SOB
    • crackles
    • rhonchi
    • JVD
  • No jug of water at bedside
  • Educate patient and family on fluid restriction
  • Be cautious of IV fluids
  • Encourage ice chips instead of sips of water
61
Q

Free Water Fluid Restriction

A
  • Patients with low sodium
  • Trying not to further dilute sodium level with water
  • No plain water or even water baseds with non-sodium solutes added (crystal light, cool aid, tea, coffee)
  • Encourage patient to drink:
    • tomato juice
    • milk
    • soda
    • broths
    • sports drinks
62
Q

How to promote nutrition for NPO patients

A
  1. IV nutrition
  2. Liquid feeds
63
Q

IV Nutrition

A

TPN - “hyperalimentation”

64
Q

Liquid feeds

A
  • NGT
  • Dobhoff tube
  • G-tube or J-tube
65
Q

TPN

A

Total Parenteral Nutrition

  • IV nutrition high in glucose, vitamins, minerals, protein, and lipids
  • used when the bowel needs to rest or when nutrients cannot be absorbed throug the bowel
  • requires frequent blood glucose monitoring…even for non-diabetics, usually q 4-6 hrs
66
Q

NGT

A

Nasogastric Tube

  • inserted through the nose and down into the stomach
  • secured at the nose
  • patient can be awake for procedure
  • can be used to EMPTY stomach or MEDS and FEEDs into the stomach
  • temporary solution
67
Q

Dobhoff Tube

A

small bore NGT

  • also inserted through the nose, but it is advanced post pyloric
  • can be left in place for up to 6 wks
  • only used for administering feeds and medication
  • NOT FOR EMPTYING STOMACH
68
Q

G-tube or J-tube

A
  • inserted through the abdominal wall with surgical instrumentation and sits in the stomach or jejunum (or both)
  • procedure guided with fluoroscopy and performed by a doctor
  • used when long term feeding is needed
  • patients can resume normal lives and conceal their feeding tube under clothes
69
Q

Signs of dehydration

A
  • dry skin with poor turgor
  • dry lips and mucous membranes
  • low urine output or dark, concentrated urine
  • hypotension
  • tachycardia
  • for infants: no tears, sunken eyes, depressed fontanel
70
Q

Fontanel

A

soft spot

71
Q

Signs of fluid excess

A
  • edema
  • lung congestion
  • HTN
  • tachycardia
  • tachypnea
  • JVD
72
Q
A

Fundamentals Exam 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions