Nutrition Flashcards

Question

Vitamin K

Answer 1

coagulation cascade

Answer 2

cellular functioning

Answer 3

tissue healing

Answer 4

* bone and teeth formation * nerve and muscle function * fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer 5

* Calcium * Phosphorus * Iron * Zinc * Iodine * Magnesium * Sodium * Potassium

Answer 6

life threatening

Answer 7

* outlines suggested food intake by food groups * provides valuable information to individuals and family regarding the five food groups that help a healthy diet

Answer 8

1. fruits 2. veges 3. grains 4. protein 5. dairy

Answer 9

18.5 - 24.9

Answer 10

* general assessment of patient's presentation * nutritional interview * recent weight gain or loss * mobility status * psychological stress * height and weight for BMI calculation

Answer 11

* age * socioeconomic status * education * stress * culture * comorbidities * dentition

Answer 12

* hunger sensation decreased * worsened absorption

Answer 13

dependent on parents

Answer 14

* nutritional intake affected by mother's nutrtional status when breastmilk is the primary source of nutrition * Greatly influenced by the caregiver's understanding of nutrition * Solid foods usually introduced between 4-6 months

Answer 15

cut into small chunks smaller than toddler's airways to reduce choking risk

Answer 16

* require 2400 calories * over 20% are obese * primary source of nutrition from school lunches

Answer 17

1800-3200 calories depending on activity level

Answer 18

* early adulthood habits become patterns into adult life * 2000 calorie recommend for active adult * 2-3 liters of fluid intake recommended * sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of multiple diseases

Answer 19

* dentition and swalling often impaired * sense of thirst, taste, and smell decreased * meds affect taste * may not be allowed to eat certain things * constipationdue to peristalsis * lower caloric needs

Answer 20

* impact food choices * based on location, tradition, religion, food availability in the culture of origin * impacts food prep and consumption

Answer 21

* balanced * approx. 2000 calories * no restrictions on salt, caffeine, fluid intake, sugar, or any electrolytes

Answer 22

* low fat * low sodium * no caffeine * no canned food, highly processed foods, caffeinated drinks * low cholesterol foods * baked rather than fried * fresh, unsalted veges * brown rice * broth soups vs. creams * decaf * egg whites rather than whole * turkey instead of pork * wheat vs. white * herb packet vs. salt

Answer 23

* aka "diabetic diet" * carbs given in smaller portions and spread throughout the day * sugar substitute used when cooking * diet drinks allowed

Answer 24

Kidneys can't filter off electrolyte and protein * low sodium * low potassium * low phosphorus * low protein * avoid high potassium foods * avoid high phosphorus foods

Answer 25

* avocados * bananas * melons * oranges * plantains * potatoes * bran * beans * prunes * raisins * artichokes * kale * spinach * tomatoes * granola * brown, wild rice

Answer 26

* whole grain breads * dark sodas * bran cereals/oatmeals * nuts and sunflower seeds

Answer 27

* foods are softer and easier to chew for those without teeth * meats and vegetables are moist and often extra gravy and sauces are added to ease in swallowing * shepherd's pie * beans * mashed potatoes * mac and cheese * casseroles * very cooked veges * scrambled eggs * grits * oatmeal

Answer 28

* all foods are pureed for those that have difficulty swallowing or have aspiration precautions * no bread or fresh fruits * canned fruits * cottage cheese * mashed potatoes and gravy * ground meats * veges

Answer 29

* bowel conditions it is important to restrict fiber * recommended: * cooked vegetables, * potatoes without skin, * starches made from refinded flours (saltines, white bread, white pasta) * mildly flavored meats and cheeses * avoid: * uncooked vegetables * juices with pulp * prunes * whole grains or pasta * bran cereal or oatmeal * raisins * nuts and seeds * chunky peanut butter * hotdogs * strongly flavored meats and cheeses

Answer 30

* Recovering from surgery or bowel impairment * Foods are liquid at room temperature or melt at body temperature * milk, cream soups, custards, or pudding * strained cereals, ice cream, sherbert juices

Answer 31

* first food to be given after surgery * recovering from bowel impairment, surgery, or nausea/vomiting * all liquids that you can see through * gelatin without additives, cola, tea, broth, cranberry or apple juice, popsicles that melt into clear liquids

Answer 32

* high BP patients * Edema patients * High Sodium patients * 670mg to 2gm sodium in diet * need at least 500mg sodium in diet to maintain electrolyte balance Recommend: * fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables * uncured meats Avoid: * cured or processed meats or cheeses * breaded foods * canned foods * processed or instant foods

Answer 33

* Patients with fluid volume excess * S/S: * edema * SOB * crackles * rhonchi * JVD * No jug of water at bedside * Educate patient and family on fluid restriction * Be cautious of IV fluids * Encourage ice chips instead of sips of water

Answer 34

* Patients with low sodium * Trying not to further dilute sodium level with water * No plain water or even water baseds with non-sodium solutes added (crystal light, cool aid, tea, coffee) * Encourage patient to drink: * tomato juice * milk * soda * broths * sports drinks

Answer 35

1. IV nutrition 2. Liquid feeds

Answer 36

TPN - "hyperalimentation"

Answer 37

* NGT * Dobhoff tube * G-tube or J-tube

Answer 38

Total Parenteral Nutrition * IV nutrition high in glucose, vitamins, minerals, protein, and lipids * used when the bowel needs to rest or when nutrients cannot be absorbed throug the bowel * requires frequent blood glucose monitoring...even for non-diabetics, usually q 4-6 hrs

Answer 39

Nasogastric Tube * inserted through the nose and down into the stomach * secured at the nose * patient can be awake for procedure * can be used to EMPTY stomach or MEDS and FEEDs into the stomach * temporary solution

Answer 40

small bore NGT * also inserted through the nose, but it is advanced post pyloric * can be left in place for up to 6 wks * only used for administering feeds and medication * NOT FOR EMPTYING STOMACH

Answer 41

* inserted through the abdominal wall with surgical instrumentation and sits in the stomach or jejunum (or both) * procedure guided with fluoroscopy and performed by a doctor * used when long term feeding is needed * patients can resume normal lives and conceal their feeding tube under clothes

Answer 42

* dry skin with poor turgor * dry lips and mucous membranes * low urine output or dark, concentrated urine * hypotension * tachycardia * for infants: no tears, sunken eyes, depressed fontanel

Answer 43

* edema * lung congestion * HTN * tachycardia * tachypnea * JVD