Nutrition Flashcards
LDL
Less than 130
HDL
More than 50
Triglycerides
Less than 150
Foods with low sodium
Brown rice, it has less than tomato slices
When to take nausea meds
60-90 mins before meal
How to decrease nausea
Eat foods at room temp, don’t moisten food
How can vegans get protein
Peanut butter
How much calories come from fat
1 gram of fat= 9 calories
How can Mexican food prep improve
Canola oil instead of lard
Cholelithiasis diet
Low fat
Kosher foods
No shellfish, no pork, CAN eat veggie salad with cheese but no meat with cheese
Priority with enteral feeds
Auscultate bowel sounds
Lactose free foods
Almond milk, dried beans and peas
Ileostomy diet
Eat on schedule
When to introduce new solid foods
Every 4-7 days
High fiber foods
Bran cereal, shredded wheat cereal
After diarrhea and clear liquid diet
White rice. No fiber
Intermittent gavage feeds
Give pacifier during feeds
What helps with night vision
Vitamin A
When can you stop TPN?
When oral diet is 60% of intake
Celiac disease diet
Gluten free, simple carbs, tapioca pudding
Foods containing gluten
Bran muffin, bread pudding, graham crackers
How to assign privileges to anorexic pt
Based on weight gain, rewards based on quantity of calories consumed
Somogyi phenomenon
Assess BG levels during night
Gastric bypass instructions
Begin each meal with a protein
High sodium foods
Roasted ham
Low sodium foods
Orange wedges, brown rice, tomato slices, fruit cocktail
What helps absorb calcium
Vitamin D
Normal weight gain during pregnancy
Normal weight: 25-35 lbs
Overweight: 15-25 lbs
Underweight: 28-40
Diverticulitis diet
Limit fiber intake during acute illness
Diabetes food portions
1/2 vegetables
1/4 lean meat or protein
1/4 starch and bread
Milk/yogurt and fruit on the side
How to feed impaired vision
You CAN feed more than one food at a time
Lutein
In kale, spinach, collard, mustard greens
*slows progression of macular degeneration
How long will it take to gain 2 lbs by eating an extra 250 calories a day?
4 weeks
Low residue diet
Limits the amount of food in intestines.
Whole grains, fruits, seeds, or high fiber foods are BAD.
Egg and cheese omelet with banana is GOOD.
Foods with folate
Chicken liver
Complete proteins
Soy milk, ground meat, swiss cheese
NOT pinto beans
Albumin
Reflects overall body protein status, detects kidney or liver dysfunction.
Normal albumin range
3.5-5.0
Normal prealbumin range
15-35
MAOIs
Avoid foods containing tyramine: aged cheese, bananas, peanuts, avocados, salami
You CAN drink orange juice and blueberries
Adequate fiber intake
Relieve/prevent constipation, NOT diarrhea, prevents hyperlipidemia
How can a female pt control htn
Eat 4-5 servings of unsalted nuts per week.
Beriberi with alcohol abuse
Thiamin deficiency. Eat whole grains, bread for sources of vitamin B.
How many cals should pregnant women consume per day?
2000
How many cals should lactating women consume per day?
An extra 300-400
Prealbumin
Sensitive indicator of nutritional status.
Total daily fat intake
20-35% of calories
Foods high in zinc
Ground beef patty, nuts
How to feed with cleft lip/palate
Upright with nipple to the side of the mouth to prevent formula entering nasal passage
Clear liquid diet foods
Coffee, gelatin, hard candy
NOT sherbet
Complications of TPN
Hypocalcemia, polyuria
Sign of lactose intolerance
Flatulance
Signs of delayed healing with colostomy
“All foods taste like cardboard”
Colostomy diet
Limit foods that block intestines like popcorn and seeds, but these won’t delay healing.
When does bone loss begin?
Age 35
Osteoporosis risk factors
Caucasian women
Stomatitis
Limit oral mucosa irritation, eat scrambled eggs
Total cholesterol
Less than 200
Choking hazards for toddlers
Peanut butter, hot dogs, grapes
CAN eat peas
Foods high in sodium
Dairy
Foods to help with HTN
Whole grain pastas
How to decrease anorexia in cancer pts
Limit fragrant foods, limit liquids with meals
Chronic pancreatitis diet
Snacks high in calories, DON’T restrict carbs,
Dumping syndrome
High fat foods are better tolerated than low fat, consume liquids between meals
ACE inhibitors
Avoid high-potassium foods
High potassium foods
Cantaloupe
How to treat constipation
Increase cellulose (fiber), exercise, drink water Maintaining good posture does NOT help
