Nutrition Flashcards
Fats and oils makeup
CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Proteins makeup
CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)
Use of carbohydrate
- provide energy
Use of fats
- provides energy
- building materials
- store of energy
- buoyancy
Use of proteins
- provides energy
- building materials
- enzymes
- haemoglobin
- hormones
- antibodies
Use of Vit C
- protects cells from ageing
- production of fibres
Use of Vit D
- absorption of calcium
Use of calcium
- development + maintenance of strong bones and teeth
Use of iron
- making haemoglobin
Use of fibre
- provides bulk for faeces
- helps in peristalsis
Use of water
- in chemical reactions
- as a solvent for transport
Symptoms of Vit C deficiency
Ailment: scurvy Effects: - loss of teeth - pale skin - sunken eyes
Symptoms of Vit D deficiency
Ailment: rickets
Effect:
- weak bones + teeth
Symptoms of calcium deficiency
Ailment: rickets
Effect:
- weak bones + teeth
Symptoms of iron deficiency
Ailment: anaemia
Effect:
- fatigue
Less iron –> less haemoglobin –> less oxygen transport –> less respiration –> less energy
Production of yogurt
- soured milk, partially clotted, has a mildly acidic taste
- culture of bacteria is kept at 45 degrees and turns lactose to lactic acid during respiration
Cause of coronary heart disease
Eating too much fats which are rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol
Cause of constipation
Lack of roughage in food.
Cause of obesity
- eating too much fats and carbohydrates
- causes overall increase in body weight
Effects of obesity
- heart attack
- stroke
- joint pains
- mobility impairments
- high blood pressure
Define ingestion
Taking substances into the body through the mouth
Define egestion
Passing out undigested foods as faeces through the anus
Define digestion
The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules through both mechanical and chemical processes
Function of mouth
- where ingestion occurs
- contains teeth for mechanical digestion
- saliva contains amylase, which breaks down starch
Function of salivary glands
Produces saliva, which contains amylase and helps food move down the oesophagus
Function of oesophagus
Tube-shaped organ using peristalsis to transport food from mouth to stomach
Function of stomach
- has sphincters to control movement in and out
- highly acidic contents (hydrochloric acid)
- contains protease (pepsin)
Function of small intestine
First part (duodenum):
- fats emulsified by bile
- pancreatic amylase, lipase, and protease (trypsin) also present
Second part (ileum):
- absorption takes place here
- maltase breaks down maltose to glucose
Function of pancreas
Produces pancreatic juice containing amylase, protease (trypsin), and lipase
Function of large intestine
First part (colon):
- absorption of minerals and vitamins
- reabsorbs water from waste
Second part (rectum): - faeces temporarily stored here
How does fluoridation help teeth?
- promotes tooth remineralisation (by attracting other minerals, like calcium)
- helps to make tooth decay-resistant
- slows down production of acids by bacteria
Pros of adding fluorine to public water supplies
- strengthens tooth enamel
- free
- cheap to supply
- treats whole population
- available to all
Cons of adding fluorine to public water supplies
- allergies
- bad taste
- dosage uncontrolled
- no individual choice
Carbohydrate makeup
CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
