Nutrition

Question 1

Fats and oils makeup

Answer 1

CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)

Question 2

Proteins makeup

Answer 2

CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)

Question 3

Use of carbohydrate

Answer 3

• provide energy

Question 4

Use of fats

Answer 4

• provides energy
• building materials
• store of energy
• buoyancy

Question 5

Use of proteins

Answer 5

• provides energy
• building materials
• enzymes
• haemoglobin
• hormones
• antibodies

Question 6

Use of Vit C

Answer 6

• protects cells from ageing

- production of fibres

Question 7

Use of Vit D

Answer 7

• absorption of calcium

Question 8

Use of calcium

Answer 8

• development + maintenance of strong bones and teeth

Question 9

Use of iron

Answer 9

• making haemoglobin

Question 10

Use of fibre

Answer 10

• provides bulk for faeces

- helps in peristalsis

Question 11

Use of water

Answer 11

• in chemical reactions

- as a solvent for transport

Question 12

Symptoms of Vit C deficiency

Answer 12

Ailment: scurvy
Effects:
- loss of teeth
- pale skin
- sunken eyes

Question 13

Symptoms of Vit D deficiency

Answer 13

Ailment: rickets
Effect:
- weak bones + teeth

Question 14

Symptoms of calcium deficiency

Answer 14

Ailment: rickets
Effect:
- weak bones + teeth

Question 15

Symptoms of iron deficiency

Answer 15

Ailment: anaemia
Effect:
- fatigue

Less iron –> less haemoglobin –> less oxygen transport –> less respiration –> less energy

Question 16

Production of yogurt

Answer 16

• soured milk, partially clotted, has a mildly acidic taste

- culture of bacteria is kept at 45 degrees and turns lactose to lactic acid during respiration

Question 17

Cause of coronary heart disease

Answer 17

Eating too much fats which are rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol

Question 18

Cause of constipation

Answer 18

Lack of roughage in food.

Question 19

Cause of obesity

Answer 19

• eating too much fats and carbohydrates

- causes overall increase in body weight

Question 20

Effects of obesity

Answer 20

• heart attack
• stroke
• joint pains
• mobility impairments
• high blood pressure

Question 21

Define ingestion

Answer 21

Taking substances into the body through the mouth

Question 22

Define egestion

Answer 22

Passing out undigested foods as faeces through the anus

Question 23

Define digestion

Answer 23

The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules through both mechanical and chemical processes

Question 24

Function of mouth

Answer 24

• where ingestion occurs
• contains teeth for mechanical digestion
• saliva contains amylase, which breaks down starch

Question 25

Function of salivary glands

Answer 25

Produces saliva, which contains amylase and helps food move down the oesophagus

Question 26

Function of oesophagus

Answer 26

Tube-shaped organ using peristalsis to transport food from mouth to stomach

Question 27

Function of stomach

Answer 27

• has sphincters to control movement in and out
• highly acidic contents (hydrochloric acid)
• contains protease (pepsin)

Question 28

Function of small intestine

Answer 28

First part (duodenum):

• fats emulsified by bile
• pancreatic amylase, lipase, and protease (trypsin) also present

Second part (ileum):

• absorption takes place here
• maltase breaks down maltose to glucose

Question 29

Function of pancreas

Answer 29

Produces pancreatic juice containing amylase, protease (trypsin), and lipase

Question 30

Function of large intestine

Answer 30

First part (colon):

• absorption of minerals and vitamins
• reabsorbs water from waste

Second part (rectum):
- faeces temporarily stored here

Question 31

How does fluoridation help teeth?

Answer 31

• promotes tooth remineralisation (by attracting other minerals, like calcium)
• helps to make tooth decay-resistant
• slows down production of acids by bacteria

Question 32

Pros of adding fluorine to public water supplies

Answer 32

• strengthens tooth enamel
• free
• cheap to supply
• treats whole population
• available to all

Question 33

Cons of adding fluorine to public water supplies

Answer 33

• allergies
• bad taste
• dosage uncontrolled
• no individual choice

Question 34

Carbohydrate makeup

Answer 34

CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)