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First Aid Behavioral Science > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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2
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

B1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, ascorbic acid

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3
Q

Thiamine

A

B1 - TPP

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4
Q

Riboflavin

A

B2 - FAD, FMN, redox reactions

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5
Q

Niacin

A

B3 - NAD, redox rxns

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6
Q

Pantothenic acid

A

B5 - CoA

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7
Q

Pyridoxin

A

B6 - PLP

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8
Q

Biotin

A

B7

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9
Q

Folate

A

B9

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10
Q

Cobalamin

A

B12 - stored in liver

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11
Q

Vitamin used to measles amd AML subtype M3

A

Vit A

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12
Q

Liver and Leafy Greens

A

Vit A

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13
Q

Deficiency of Vit A

A

nyctalopia (night blindness), xerosis cutis (dry scaly skin), alopecia, keratomalacia (corneal degen), immune suppression

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14
Q

Vit A during pregnancy

A

cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities

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15
Q

Excess Vit A

A

arthralgia, scaly skin, alopecia, cerebral edema, pseudotumor cerebri, osteoporosis, liver :(

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16
Q

Isotertinoin

A

prescribed for severe acne

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17
Q

Cofactor for Pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

Vit B1 - thiamin, TPP

links glycolysis to TCA cycle

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18
Q

Cofactor for alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

A

Vit B1 - thiamin, TPP

in TCA cycle

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19
Q

Cofactor for Transketolase

A

Vit B1 - thiamin, TPP

in HMP shunt

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20
Q

Cofactor for Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

A

Vit B1 - thiamin, TPP

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21
Q

Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia + confabulation, personality change, permanent memory loss

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

deficient in Thiamine (VitB1)

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22
Q

Dry Beriberi

A

polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting

vit B1 deficiency

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23
Q

Wet Beriberi

A

high-output cardiac failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, edema

vitB1 deficiency

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24
Q

Area of Brain damaged in Wernicke-Korsakoff

A

medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus and mammillary bodies

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25
Q

Diagnosis of VitB1 deficiency

A

incease in RBC transketolase activity following vitB1 adminitration

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26
Q

Cheilosis

A

Inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures at corners of mouth. Vit B2 deficiency

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27
Q

Corneal Vascularization (what vit?)

A

deficiency of Vit B2

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28
Q

Vitamine derived from Tryptophan

A

Niacin, synthesis requires B2 and B6

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29
Q

Lowers VLDL and raises HDL

A

Niacin

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30
Q

Pellegra

A

Niacin Deficiency

Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis

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31
Q

Hartnup disease

A

decreased tryptophan absorption which can cause niacin deficiency

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32
Q

Isoniazid

A

can cause decrease in niacin and Vit B6

S/E - SLE, peripheral hepatitis

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33
Q

Excess Niacin

A

Facial Flushing induced by prostaglandin

hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia

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34
Q

Essential part of FA synthase

A

Pantothenate (vit B5)

also essential for CoA for acyl transfers

35
Q

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

A

Vit B5 deficiency

36
Q

Vitamin necessary to synthesis of 5HT, Epi, NE, DA and GABA

A

Vitamin B6, pyridoxine

37
Q

cofactor used in transamination

A

Vitamin B6, pyridoxine

38
Q

Cofactor used in decarboxylation reaction

A

Vitamin B6, pyridoxine

39
Q

Deficiency inducible by isoniazid and oral contraceptives

A

Vitamin B6, pyridoxine

40
Q

Sideroblastic anemia with this vitamin

A

Vitamin B6, pyridoxine deficiency

due to impaired Hb and iron excess

41
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency

A

Convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy

42
Q

Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes (adds 1 carbon group)

A

Vitamin B7, biotin

43
Q

Excessive ingestion of raw egg whites

A

Avidin in egg white bind biotin

causes dermatitis, alopecia, and enteritis

44
Q

Converted to THF, a coenzyme for 1-cabon transfer.methylation reactions

A

Vitamin B9 (folic acid)

45
Q

Important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases

A

Vitamin B9 (folic acid)

46
Q

Where Vitamin B9 (folic acid) absorbed

47
Q

Deficiency of Vitamin B9 (folic acid)

A

Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia

hypersegmented PMNs, glossitis

48
Q

Most common vitamin deficiency in US

A

Vitamin B9 (folic acid), seen in alcoholism and pregnancy

49
Q

Labs for Vitamin B9 (folic acid)

A

increased homocysteine, normal methylmalonic acid

50
Q

Drugs that cause Vitamin B9 (folic acid) deficiency

A

Phenytoin, Sulfonamides, Methotrexate

51
Q

Where Vitamin B12 is absorbed

A

Terminal Ileum, same area affected by Crohn’s

52
Q

Cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

A 
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
transfers CH3 groups as methylcobalamin
53
Q

Neurological structure affected by Vit B12 deficiency

A

Dorsal Columns, Lateral Corticospinal Tracts and spinocerebellar tracts

54
Q

Labs for Vit B12 deficiency

A

increased serum homocysteine nad methylmalonic acis

55
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Vit B12 deficiency

56
Q

Lack of intrinsic factor (antibodies against is)

A

Pernicious anemia - Vit B12 deficiency

57
Q

Reduces Iron to Fe 2+ state

58
Q

Necessary for dopamine beta-hydroxylase

A

Vitamin C

that rxn converts DA to NE

59
Q

Ancillary Tx for methemoglobinemia

A

Vitamin C to reduce Fe3+ to 2+

60
Q

Necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis

61
Q

S&S of Scurvy

A

Vitamin C deficiency
swollen gums, bruising, hemarthosis, anemia, poor wound healing, perifollicular and subperiosteal hemorrhages, “corkscrew hair”

62
Q

Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis

A

Exces Vitamin C

63
Q

Ergocalciferol

A

Vitamin D2, ingested from plants

64
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

consumed in milk, formed in stratum basale of sunexposed skin, Vitamine D3

65
Q

Active form of Vit D

A

1,25-(OH)2

Calcitriol

66
Q

Vitamin supplemented in breastfed infants

67
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Excess Vit D due activation of epithelioid macrophages

68
Q

Tocopherol/Tocotrienol

69
Q

Function of Vitamin E

A

antioxidant that protects erythrocytes and membranes from free radical damage

70
Q

Vitamin that ENHANCES anticoagulant effect of Warfarin

71
Q

Deficiency of this vitamin looks like Deficiency of Vitamin B12 without megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented PMNs or increased serum methylmalonic acid

A

Vitamin E

also cause hemolytic anemia, acanthocytosis, muscle weakness, post column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination

72
Q

Blood Clotting

73
Q

Factors associated with Vitamin K

A

II, VII, IX, X

proteins C and S

74
Q

PT, aPTT and bleeding time for vit K deficiency

A

increase in both PT and aPTT

normal bleeding time

75
Q

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

A

Zinc deficiency

periorifacial and acral dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhe

76
Q

Dysgeusia, Anosmia

A

Zinc deficiency
dysgeusia means can’t taste
anosmia means can’t smell

77
Q

May predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis

A

Zinc deficiency

78
Q

Limiting reagent in Ethanol Metabolism

A

NAD+ (niacin)

79
Q

NADH/NAD ratio in ethanol metabolism

A

increases causing pyruvate to lactate (lactic acidosis)
oxaloacetate to malate (prevents gluconeogenesis)
glyceraldehyde-3-Phos to glycerol-3-Phos which combine with fatty acids to make TGs (hepatosteatosis)

80
Q

Fomepizole

A

Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is an antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning

81
Q

Disulfram

A

Antabuse
inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase so acetaldehyde accumulates increasing hangover symptoms
decreases desire to drink

82
Q

Small child, Swollen belly

A

Kwashiorikor

Protein Malnutrition, edema, liver malfunction, fatty liver from decrease apolipoprotein synthesis

83
Q

Emaciated

A

Marasmus

total calorie malnutrition resulting in tissue and muscle wasting, loss of subQ fat and variable edema

84
Q

Future Career if Doctoring Doesn’t Work out

A

Hobo or possible trophy wife

First Aid Behavioral Science (4 decks)

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