Development Flashcards
APGAR
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, ACtivity, and Respiration
>7 is good, 4-6 assist and stimulate, <4 resuscitate
Low Birth Weight
<2500g
caused by prematurity or intrauterine growth retardation
Moro reflex
disappears by 3mon-6months
a response to a sudden loss of support, when the infant feels as if it is falling. - arms abduct then adduct and crying
Persistence of moro reflex
cerebral palsy
Rooting reflex
disappears by 4months
newborn infant will turn his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth
head circumference should be measured at each visit until which age?
3 years old
What age you start to take BP?
2 years old
Most common factor causing newborn sepsis
Group B Streptococcus
screen between 35-37weeks
if + tx with intrapartum antibiotics
Vernix caseosa
waxy white coating on newborns composed of sebaceous material
lanugo
fine hair covering the body found in premature newborns
Milia
white papules on nose and cheeks of newborns
composed of keratin and sebaceous material
Mongolian spots
macules or batches of dermal melanocytes in blue or brown hues typically on back and butt - will resolve spontaneously
Stork bite, nevus simplex
erythematous macules composed of dilated capillaries usually on face
nevus flammeus
port wine stains, donot resolve and may be progressive
related to Sturge-Weber or Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber
Over the left second intercostal space, with possible radiation down the left sternal border, are continuous and “machinery-like.”
PDA in a baby
swelling baby’s head that crosses suture lines
caput succedaneum, edema related to delivery, self-resolves
area of subperiosteal bleeding that stops at suture lines in infants
Cephalohematoma
reabsorbs by takes several weeks to do so
defect in development of muscles of the abdominal wall, allowing viscera to protrude through the umbilicus, and is covered with a sac of peritoneum
Omphalocele
protrusion of abdominal viscera through an abdominal wall defect that lacks the peritoneal sac
Gastroschisis
Opening on ventral side of penile shaft
Hypospadias, more common
Opening on dorsal side of penile shaft
Epispadias, frequently associated with bladder exstrophy
External ear malformation are commonly associated with what organ malformation?
Renal!
Plantar Grasp reflex
Tap the plantar surfaces of the feet and feet should grasp
Persistence of grasp reflexes after 1 year may be seen with birth injury and developmental delay
Babinski Reflex
Stroke the bottom of each foot from the heel, laterally along the side and across the ball of the foot
A positive Babinski reflex should be seen, with extension and fanning of the toes
Should disappear by 12mon
Posture in infants
1mon - lifts head up prone 6mon - rolls and sits 8mon - crawls 10mon - stands 12-18mon - walks
Placing Reaction
touching the anterior distal tibia against the edge of the table should cause the infant to lift the foot, flexing the hip and knee as if attempting to step up onto the table surface
Absence at birth may indicate brain damage
Ortolani Maneuver
Treats a posterior dislocation of hip in infants
Barlow Maneuver
Results in posterior displacement of an unstable hip
200 words and 2-word sentences
by age 2
gender identity formed
by 36months
1000 words, uses complete sentences and prepositions
by age 3
Can copy line, circle or stick figure
by age 4
mama and dada
by 10 months
Object permanence
by 9 months
Social smile
by 2 months
Stranger anxiety
by 6 months
separation anxiety
by 9 months
Pincer Grasp
by 10 months
Elderly and sleep changes
decrease REM and slow-wave sleep; increase early awakenings
Presbycusis
high-frequency hearing loss due to destruction of hair cells at the cochlear base, common with aging
Top 3 Common causes of death <1year
- Congenital Malformations
- Preterm Birth
- SIDS
Top 3 Common causes of death 1-14years
- Unintentional Injury
- Cancer
- Homicide
Top 3 Common causes of death 15-24years
- Unintentional Injury
- Homicide
- Suicide
Top 3 Common causes of death 25-34years
- Unintentional Injury
- Suicide
- Homicide
Top 3 Common causes of death 35-44years
- Unintentional Injury
- Cancer
- Heart Disease
Top 3 Common causes of death 45-64years
- Cancer
- Heart Disease
- Unintentional Injury
Top 3 Common causes of death 65+years
- Heart Disease
- Cancer
- Chronic Respiratory
