Nutrition Flashcards
Define nutrition
The study of the process where feed nutrients are presented to and utilized by living cells for productive processes- maintenance, lactation, and growth.
A nutrient is…
Any chemical (element or compound) in the diet that supports normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance of life processes.
What is an Essential Nutrient
- Can not be made by the body.
- Not synthesized I’m great enough quantities to support life processes.
- needed in diet
What is Non-essential nutrient?
- can be made in body
- not needed in diet
Name 6 Essential Nutrients
Water Carbohydrates Fat Proteins Minerals Vitamins
Monosaccharide carbohydrate
Glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide carbohydrate
Lactose, sucrose, maltose
Polysaccharide carbohydrate
Startch-amylose,amylopectin
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Lignin
Fat or lipid / Essential Fatty Acids
Linoleic acid -18c
Linolenic acid - 18c
Arachidonic acid - 20c
10 Essential Amino Acids
Phenylalanine. Tryptophan. Histidine
Valine. Isoleucine. Arginine
Threonine. Methionine. Leucine
Lysine
Two classes of minerals
Macro and micro
Name macro-minerals
Calcium Sodium Phosphorus Chloride Potassium Magnesium Suffer
Name micro-nutrients
Copper. Zinc. Iron
Iodine. Manganese. Selenium
Cobalt. Molybdenum.
Name two classes or vitamins
Fat soluble and water soluble
Name the fat soluble vitamins
A. D. E. K.
Name the water soluble vitamins
Biotin Pantothenic acid. B6
Choline. Riboflavin. B12
Folic acid. Thiamin. C
Niacin
Most common nutrient on earth and needed in the largest quantities of all nutrients
Water
Properties of water
Liquid over broad range of temps High specific heat High latent heat of vaporization High surface tension 32 deg freeze. (0 deg C) 212 degree boil. (100 deg C) Good solvent / polar solvent
Functions of water
Transport medium Temperature regulator Lubricant Cell turgidity and shape Hydrolysis
Water requirement influenced by….
Environment
Diet
Age or production stage (lactating or nursing)
Waters role in body heat regulation
Water acts as a cooling system similar to a vehicles. Blood being the water, lungs and skin surface being radiator, and heart being the pump.
True or false. Water intoxication
True
Sources of water
- Free liquid (normally ad lib)
- Feed (moisture content)
- Metabolic water(produced by oxidation of nutrients, can furnish up to 1/2 of most animals water needs, EXCEPTION- desert or hibernating animals, furnishes all water needs
Name the 3 chemical elements that make up carbohydrates
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
