Nutrition Flashcards
Clear Liquid Diet
Designed to not last longer than 3 days. Doesn’t provide enough calories to to meet patients nutritional requirements for healing.
Clear Liquid Diet Uses & Components
Uses: To rest bowel and GI tract or to progress slowly from surgery.
Components: Clear juices, broth, popsicles, coffee (if caffeine is ok), water..anything clear. no orange juice or anything red
Dietician
Assesses all patients w/in first 24-48 hours of admission. Recommends course of action if patient is NPO greater than 72 hours upon admin.
Nutrition
Different pt population requires different modes of nutrition. most patients ordered regular diet- 3 meals a day
The American Dietetic Association
Includes the Dietary Guidelines for Americans- dictate the necessary requirements for health promotion and disease preventive
Dietary Guideline foods
low fat, low sugar, high fiber, low salt, alcohol in moderation, exercise daily, no smoking
Full Liquid Diet
provides more calories, but no recommended for long term use as it is not sufficient in fiber.
Full liquid Diet uses
To progress the gut after long periods of rest and to provide more calories as it includes milk, grits, oatmeal, pudding, cream soups
be careful with lactose patients, use lactose free protein drinks
Modified Consistency Diet
Designed to help patients recovering from CVA’s (may have dysphagia). Regular foods are blended up to ease chewing and swallowing. Diet meets nutritional requirements
Special Diets: Diabetic Diet
Dietician uses pts ideal body weight to determine the ideal calorie level for the patient. 1800 calorie diet w/snacks between meals to keep BS stable.
Why are carbohydrate levels checked on the Diabetic Diet?
To ensure BS stays w/in normal limits. Pt’s blood glucose levels are usually checked ac and hs (before meals and bedtime)
Special Diets: The Renal Diet
Patients with elevated BUN and Creatine will require a restriction in the nutrients that may cause the kidneys to work harder.
What is the Renal Diet designed to do?
To reduce the workload on the kidneys
What is the Renal Diet low in?
Typically low in protein, potassium, sodium, and fluid
Why the Renal Diet?
protein metabolizes to amino acids and further broken down to urea and nitrogen. If the kidneys are unable to rid the blood of the toxic waste, blood levels will elevate and a modification of nutrients will be implemented to prevent damage to the kidneys
Enteral Nutriton: Use it or lose it
guideline and the standard of care message. If a patient has a functioning guy (bowl sounds are present), it is recommended to use the GI system if warranted
Tube Feedings (aka- enteral nutrition)
If a patient is unable to swallow due to brain injury, the dietician recommends a feeding by NG tube. If long term patient, PEG tube is used
Why would a patient get a PEG tube instead of an NG tube?
NG tube- short term; PEG tube-long term. PEG tube patients usually arnt able to swallow because stroke, dysphagia, or any pt at risk for aspiration pneumonia would be a candidate for this type of feeding.
Tolerance: Gastric Residuals
Any substance not digested after two hours of feeding.
Gastric Residual Testing
place syringe in PEG site and pull back until gastric contents no longer fill syringe, if amount is less than 60ml (# changes per facility), may continue to feed patient. If # is too high, TF may be decreased or discontinued, until tolerance is achieved.
Parenteral Nutrition (TPN, PPN)
Indicated when a patient doesnt have a functioning gut. q
How is Parenteral Nutrition Administered?
Nutrients that have already been broken down (glucose, amino acids, and lipids) are administered. Infused at a determined rate through a central line to provide patients’ with nutrition who do not have a functioning GI tract
Dubnoff Tube
Thinner and yellow color. Goes thru nose and into duodenum. for patients with stomach cancer or patients with ulcers
Critical Care patient: Who determines what type of feeding is required?
Depending on the diagnosis of the patient, the family, doctors, patient, and dietician determine what type of feeding is required
What will happen if a patient requiring long term feeding has a lack of ability to swallow?
Surgical placement of a feeding tube
When is a TPN recommended?
Only when a patient has no gut function. TPN has been shown to cause hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and pancreatic/liver problems
When is it recommended to refer a patient to the dietician and why?
When you recognize a patient with untreated HTN or DM. Lifestyle and diet changes are the FIRSTLINE approach to care for these patients prior to RX treatment
What is the first step to well being?
nutrition
What does being overweight lead to?
HTN, hyperlipidemia, DM, renal failure, and cancer
What is the standard to tx disease now to preventing illness and why
All, if not all disease today is related to nutrition. Preventing illness with adequate nutrition is considered the standard now instead of tx approach
When would you use a nasogastric feeding tube?
patient unable to swallow; would us NG tube to decrease risk of infection for not using the gut. Another option is keeping the pt NPO during the acute phase of illness (short term)
