Nutrition

Question 1

potential nutritional risk factors for obese pregnant woman eating fast foods & gluten free

Answer 1

calorically dense diet but nutritionally limited. gluten free = limited grains, B-vit. risk for folic acid deficiency

Question 2

what can folic acid deficiency cause?

Answer 2

neural tube defects

Question 3

biochemical role of folate?

Answer 3

essential for normal cell differentiation, especially during early stage of pregnancy

Question 4

daily folate rec intake?

Answer 4

childbearing age: 400 mcg daily

during pregnancy: 600 mcg

Question 5

folate deficiency?

Answer 5

1/1000 births. malfomation of CNS. spina bifida/ancephalopathy

Question 6

vitamin A toxcitiy

Answer 6

from supplemental cod liver oil: 1 tsp = 850 IU vit A

Question 7

retinol form of Vit A?

Answer 7

stored in liver, can take toxic amts b/c animal form

Question 8

teratogenic effects of vit A tox

Answer 8

birth defects, spontaneous abortion, influences embryogenesis

Question 9

fetal-origins hypothesis for risk of chronic disease?

Answer 9

exposure to adverse nutritional conditions during critical growth affect body structure in fetus. low birth weight infants: related to heart disease, stroke. programming.

Question 10

infant exclusively breast fed at risk for?

Answer 10

vit D deficiency

Question 11

what happens with vit D deficiency?

Answer 11

vit D: bone mineral metabolism of Ca. breast milk doesn’t have enough D. sunblock prevents vit D activation from sun.

Question 12

recommended supplement for infants?

Answer 12

200 IU vit D3 daily for breast fed infants. cholecalciferol

Question 13

premature infant with TPN w/o IV fat emulsion

Answer 13

dry scaly rash, weight slowly decreases.

Question 14

potential nutritional risks

Answer 14

essential fatty acid deficiency

Question 15

which fatty acids are missing in EFA deficiency?

Answer 15

linoleic (omega-6) and alpha-linoleic (omega-3) b/c can’t be synthesized. 2-10 days in infants. 10-20 days in adults. 3% cal from fat prevents.

Question 16

symptoms of EFA deficiency

Answer 16

compromised wound healing, slowed growth, dry scaly skin

Question 17

risks for teenager with poor diet, too much fiber/cereal, no milk

Answer 17

decreased Ca in bone mass (osteoporosis later)

Question 18

how is adolescence perfect storm?

Answer 18

elevated nutrition needs + dietary experimentation

Question 19

food sources of Ca

Answer 19

leafy greens, dairy, supplemented foods

Question 20

what can interfere with Ca abs?

Answer 20

phytates in grains, iron supplements

Question 21

lactose intolerance

Answer 21

more common in african americans, hispanic

Question 22

adequate Ca intake?

Answer 22

1300 mg for 9-18 yo; 1000 mg for 19-50 yo

Question 23

DRIs (dietary reference intakes)

Answer 23

nutrient reference values, available at Institute of Medicine

Question 24

EAR (estimated average requirement)

Answer 24

average nutrient intake est to meet requirements of 50% of healthy ppl in a group

Question 25

RDA (rec daily allowances)

Answer 25

average nutrient intake est to meet req of nearly all ppl in a group (97-98%)

Question 26

AI (adequate intake)

Answer 26

mean intake needed to cover all healthy individuals in a group

Question 27

UL (tolerable upper intake level)

Answer 27

highest level to pose no risk of adverse health effects to all ppl

Question 28

comprehensive exam also includes ?

Answer 28

nutritional assessment. evidence based medical nutrition therapy