nutrition

Question 1

botulism symptoms

Answer 1

mild discomfort to death in 24 hr; nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness progressing to motor (respiratory) paralysis

Question 2

Escherichia coli symptoms

Answer 2

severe cramps, nausea, vomiting, (bloody) diarrhea, renal failure, 1-8 days after eating, lasts 1-7 days

Question 3

Listeriosis symptoms

Answer 3

severe diarrhea, fever, headache, pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, 3-21 days after infection

Question 4

Perfringens enteritis symptoms

Answer 4

mild diarrhea, vomiting, 8-24hr after meal, lasts 1-2 days

Question 5

Salmonellosis symptoms

Answer 5

mild / severe diarrhea, cramps, vomiting, 72 hrs post meal, lasts 4-7 days

Question 6

Shigellosis symptoms

Answer 6

cramps, diarrhea, fatal dysentry, 12-50 hrs post meal, lasts 3-14 days

Question 7

Staphylococcus symptoms

Answer 7

severe abdominal cramps, pain, vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration, headache, fever, prostration, 1-6 hrs post meal, lasts 1-2 days

Question 8

Botulism food source

Answer 8

improperly home canned foods, smoked and salted fish, ham, sausage, shellfish

Question 9

E. coli food source

Answer 9

undercooked meat (ground beef)

Question 10

Listerioriosis food sorce

Answer 10

soft cheese, meat (hod dog, pate, lunch meats), unpasteurized milk, poultry, seafood

Question 11

Perfingens enteritis food source

Answer 11

cooked meats, meat dishes at room / warm temp

Question 12

Salmonellosis food source

Answer 12

milk, custard, eggs, salad dressing, sandwich fillings, polluted shellfish

Question 13

Shigellosis food source

Answer 13

milk, seafood, salads

Question 14

Staphylococcus food source

Answer 14

custards, cream fillings, processed meat, ham, cheese, ice cream, potato salad, sauces, casserole

Question 15

Botulism organism

Answer 15

Clostridium botulinum

Question 16

Listeriosis organism

Answer 16

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 17

Perfringens enteritis organism

Answer 17

Clostridium perfringens

Question 18

Salmonellosis organism

Answer 18

Salmonella, S. typhi, S. partyphi

Question 19

Shigellosis organism

Answer 19

Shigella dysenteriae

Question 20

Staphyloccocus organism

Answer 20

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 21

NPO

Answer 21

nothing by mouth - in acute care settings

Question 22

patients at high risk of aspiration

Answer 22

decreased alertness, gag/ cough reflexes; difficulty managing saliva

Question 23

dysphagia

Answer 23

difficulty swallowing; usu. obstructive or motor disorders of esphagus

Question 24

large handled adaptive utensils recommended for

Answer 24

patients with impaired vision and motor skills

Question 25

EN formula types

Answer 25

Polymeric, modular, elemental, specialty

Question 26

Polymeric formula

Answer 26

1-2 kcal/mL, whole nutrient

Question 27

Modular formula

Answer 27

3.8-4kcal/mL, single macronutrient, added to other foods

Question 28

Elemental formula

Answer 28

1-3 kcal/mL, predigested nutrients

Question 29

Specialty formula

Answer 29

1-2 kcal / mL, for specific illness- HIV, liver failure, pulmonary dis

Question 30

EN benefits

Answer 30

Reduces sepsis, min. Hypermetabolic response to trauma, dec. hospital mortality, maintains intestinal fn and structure; 24-48 hrs post surgery

Question 31

Most significant EN complication

Answer 31

Aspiration of formula into lungs

Question 32

Aspiration of EN formula results in

Answer 32

Dec. blood to affected pulmonary tissue, necrotizing infection, pneumonia, abscesses, ARDS; high glucose = bacterial growth

Question 33

Risk factors for EN aspiration

Answer 33

Cough, gerd,nasotreacheal suction, artificial airway, dec. consciousness, lying flat

Question 34

To decrease risk of aspiration

Answer 34

Elevate head of bed 30-45 def, prokinetic meds, measure gastric residual vol every 4-6 hr (continuous) or prior (intermittent)

Question 35

Prokinetic meds

Answer 35

Promote gastric emptying - metoclopramide, erythromycin, cisapride

Question 36

Delayed gastric emptying

Answer 36

250 mL + in stomach on 2 assessments 1 hr apart or single 500 mL

Question 37

Enteral tube feeding complications

Answer 37

Pulmonary aspiration, diarrhea, constipation, tube occlusion/ displacement, abdominal cramps, nausea/ vomiting, delayed gastric emptying, serum electrolyte imbalance, fluid overload, hyperosmolar dehydration

Question 38

Pulmonary aspiration causes

Answer 38

Regurgitation of formula, feeding tube displaced, deficient gag reflex, delayed gastric emptying

Question 39

ET complication- diarrhea causes

Answer 39

Hyperosmolar formula or meds, antibiotic tx, bacteria, malabsorption

Question 40

EN complication- constipation

Answer 40

Lack of fiber or H2O, inactivity

Question 41

Enteral tube occlusion causes

Answer 41

Pulverized meds given per tube, sedimentation of formula, meds react with formula

Question 42

Enteral tube displacement causes

Answer 42

Vomiting, coughing, insecurely taped

Question 43

EN complication- cramps, nausea, vomiting

Answer 43

High osmolality or fat of formula, rapid inc. in rate/ vol, lactose intolerance, intestinal obstruction, cold formula

Question 44

Delayed gastric emptying causes

Answer 44

Diabetic gastroparesis, inactivity, illness

Question 45

EN complication- Serum electrolyte imbalance causes

Answer 45

Excess GI losses, dehydration, disease- cirrhosis, renal insufficiency, heart failure, diabetes m

Question 46

EN complication- fluid overload

Answer 46

Refeeding syndrome in malnutrition, excess free H2O or diluted/ hypotonic formula

Question 47

EN complication- hyperosmolar dehydration

Answer 47

Hypertonic formula with insufficient free H2O