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nurs 220L > nutrition > Flashcards

nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

botulism symptoms

A

mild discomfort to death in 24 hr; nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness progressing to motor (respiratory) paralysis

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2
Q

Escherichia coli symptoms

A

severe cramps, nausea, vomiting, (bloody) diarrhea, renal failure, 1-8 days after eating, lasts 1-7 days

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3
Q

Listeriosis symptoms

A

severe diarrhea, fever, headache, pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, 3-21 days after infection

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4
Q

Perfringens enteritis symptoms

A

mild diarrhea, vomiting, 8-24hr after meal, lasts 1-2 days

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5
Q

Salmonellosis symptoms

A

mild / severe diarrhea, cramps, vomiting, 72 hrs post meal, lasts 4-7 days

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6
Q

Shigellosis symptoms

A

cramps, diarrhea, fatal dysentry, 12-50 hrs post meal, lasts 3-14 days

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7
Q

Staphylococcus symptoms

A

severe abdominal cramps, pain, vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration, headache, fever, prostration, 1-6 hrs post meal, lasts 1-2 days

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8
Q

Botulism food source

A

improperly home canned foods, smoked and salted fish, ham, sausage, shellfish

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9
Q

E. coli food source

A

undercooked meat (ground beef)

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10
Q

Listerioriosis food sorce

A

soft cheese, meat (hod dog, pate, lunch meats), unpasteurized milk, poultry, seafood

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11
Q

Perfingens enteritis food source

A

cooked meats, meat dishes at room / warm temp

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12
Q

Salmonellosis food source

A

milk, custard, eggs, salad dressing, sandwich fillings, polluted shellfish

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13
Q

Shigellosis food source

A

milk, seafood, salads

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14
Q

Staphylococcus food source

A

custards, cream fillings, processed meat, ham, cheese, ice cream, potato salad, sauces, casserole

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15
Q

Botulism organism

A

Clostridium botulinum

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16
Q

Listeriosis organism

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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17
Q

Perfringens enteritis organism

A

Clostridium perfringens

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18
Q

Salmonellosis organism

A

Salmonella, S. typhi, S. partyphi

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19
Q

Shigellosis organism

A

Shigella dysenteriae

20
Q

Staphyloccocus organism

A

Staphylococcus aureus

21
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth - in acute care settings

22
Q

patients at high risk of aspiration

A

decreased alertness, gag/ cough reflexes; difficulty managing saliva

23
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing; usu. obstructive or motor disorders of esphagus

24
Q

large handled adaptive utensils recommended for

A

patients with impaired vision and motor skills

25
Q

EN formula types

A

Polymeric, modular, elemental, specialty

26
Q

Polymeric formula

A

1-2 kcal/mL, whole nutrient

27
Q

Modular formula

A

3.8-4kcal/mL, single macronutrient, added to other foods

28
Q

Elemental formula

A

1-3 kcal/mL, predigested nutrients

29
Q

Specialty formula

A

1-2 kcal / mL, for specific illness- HIV, liver failure, pulmonary dis

30
Q

EN benefits

A

Reduces sepsis, min. Hypermetabolic response to trauma, dec. hospital mortality, maintains intestinal fn and structure; 24-48 hrs post surgery

31
Q

Most significant EN complication

A

Aspiration of formula into lungs

32
Q

Aspiration of EN formula results in

A

Dec. blood to affected pulmonary tissue, necrotizing infection, pneumonia, abscesses, ARDS; high glucose = bacterial growth

33
Q

Risk factors for EN aspiration

A

Cough, gerd,nasotreacheal suction, artificial airway, dec. consciousness, lying flat

34
Q

To decrease risk of aspiration

A

Elevate head of bed 30-45 def, prokinetic meds, measure gastric residual vol every 4-6 hr (continuous) or prior (intermittent)

35
Q

Prokinetic meds

A

Promote gastric emptying - metoclopramide, erythromycin, cisapride

36
Q

Delayed gastric emptying

A

250 mL + in stomach on 2 assessments 1 hr apart or single 500 mL

37
Q

Enteral tube feeding complications

A

Pulmonary aspiration, diarrhea, constipation, tube occlusion/ displacement, abdominal cramps, nausea/ vomiting, delayed gastric emptying, serum electrolyte imbalance, fluid overload, hyperosmolar dehydration

38
Q

Pulmonary aspiration causes

A

Regurgitation of formula, feeding tube displaced, deficient gag reflex, delayed gastric emptying

39
Q

ET complication- diarrhea causes

A

Hyperosmolar formula or meds, antibiotic tx, bacteria, malabsorption

40
Q

EN complication- constipation

A

Lack of fiber or H2O, inactivity

41
Q

Enteral tube occlusion causes

A

Pulverized meds given per tube, sedimentation of formula, meds react with formula

42
Q

Enteral tube displacement causes

A

Vomiting, coughing, insecurely taped

43
Q

EN complication- cramps, nausea, vomiting

A

High osmolality or fat of formula, rapid inc. in rate/ vol, lactose intolerance, intestinal obstruction, cold formula

44
Q

Delayed gastric emptying causes

A

Diabetic gastroparesis, inactivity, illness

45
Q

EN complication- Serum electrolyte imbalance causes

A

Excess GI losses, dehydration, disease- cirrhosis, renal insufficiency, heart failure, diabetes m

46
Q

EN complication- fluid overload

A

Refeeding syndrome in malnutrition, excess free H2O or diluted/ hypotonic formula

47
Q

EN complication- hyperosmolar dehydration

A

Hypertonic formula with insufficient free H2O

nurs 220L (11 decks)

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