Nutrition 2 - Week 9 Flashcards
State the 3 main nutrient in Small Animal nutrition
protein
fat
carbohydrate
Proteins: How many amino acids are used in animal protein?
- how many amino acids are essential for dogs?
- how many are essential for cats?
21
10
11
Proteins: Which essential amino acid do cats need that dogs don’t?
- where is it found?
- what is it required for? (4)
- what can a taurine deficiency in cats lead to?
taurine
in animal tissues
tissue growth and repair
manufacture of hormones and enzymes
immune system
energy source
dilated cardiomyopathy which can be reversed if taurine is reintroduced
Proteins: State some foods which are high in protein (6)
egg
beef
lamb
pork
chicken
liver
Fat: State 3 general functions of lipids
provide energy
aids the absorption of fat soluble vitamins A D E and K
supplies essential fatty acids
Carbohydrates: State 3 types of carbohydrate
simple sugars
starches
fibre
Fat: Is fat more energy dense than protein?
- where do they need to obtain these fats from?
- which essential fatty acids do both dogs and cats need?
- which essential fatty acid do cats also require and where do they obtain it from?
yes
their protein source
linolenic acid which is synthesised from linoleic
arachidonic acid from animal tissue
Carbohydrates: Give an example of a simple sugar and where its found
glucose found in fruits
Carbohydrates: Give 2 examples of starch molecules
- where are they found (6)
- do cats and dogs really need carbohydrates?
amylose
glycogen
potatoes
oats
rice
barley
wheat
corn
no as they are better equipped to use proteins and fats as their energy source
What is a complete and balanced diet?
a diet where an animal has consumed enough energy to meet its energy requirements as well as the correct amount of all other essential nutrients needed for good health
Carbohydrates: Give 4 examples of Fibre
- what are fibres good for? (2)
- how does their structure affect their digestion and function?
bran
cellulose
beet pulp
psyllium husk
promoting and regulating normal bowel function
providing fuel for enterocytes in the colon
they are resistant to mammalian digestive enzymes so are broken down by fermentation by microbes in the colon, feeding the enterocytes here
Which European regulatory body is in control of commercial pet food production?
- what do they provide?
FEDIAF
a guide on the legal levels of vitamins and minerals for pet food
What are complementary foods?
foods which individually are not sufficient to meet all the nutritional requirements of a dog or cat in a single meal as they have no added supplements
Give examples of Complementary foods bought form a store (3)
- give examples of complementary foods from the owner (2)
mixer biscuits
certain tinned meats
bag of treats
human food
vitamin and mineral supplements
State 3 broad areas we look at when creating and implementing a suitable feeding regime for a patient
patient assessment
feeding plan
monitoring
Patient Assessment: What do we do in this stage?
- what is this assessment based off? (7)
we determine the patients key nutritional factor and their energy levels
signalment
reproductive status
age
physical examination
weight
MCS
BCS
Comparing foods: What does ‘As fed or Guaranteed’ mean?
- what is it expressed as on the packet?
the nutrients as a percentage of the food including water
as a percentage or amount of nutrients per kg of food
Feeding Plan: What happens during this phase? (2)
make a recommendation based on patient assessment findings
think about food and feeding methods
Monitoring: What should be done for this phase and why? (3)
repeat the previous steps regularly to maintain long term health
adjust feeding guide to maintain optimum condition
offer the client complimentary diet checks with the nurse and incentives
Comparing foods: What is dry matter?
- what is it expressed as on the packet?
- how have the percentages different from that of ‘as fed/guaranteed’?
the nutrients as a percentage after the water has been removed
as a percentage or amount of nutrients per kg of food dry matter
the percentages of nutrients often increases in dry matter as the nutrients are making up a larger percentage of the feed once the water has been removed
Comparing foods: As fed protein is said to be 10%.The can says 80% is moisture.
- What percentage is dry matter?
- What percentage does this mean the protein is as Dry Matter?
20%
50%
Comparing foods: For dry food, does it contain more or less water than wet food?
- If the protein as fed is 10% and there is 7% water, how much dry matter is there?
- What percentage of dry matter is protein?
- How does this compare with wet food?
93%
10.7%
the nutrient percentage difference between as fed and dry matter is less significant in dry food than in wet food
Give 4 advantages of Wet complete food
- Give 3 disadvantages of wet complete food
increased acceptability
easier to digest
increased water intake
can be higher in animal source proteins and animal fat
contains less nutrients per 100g
more must be fed to satisfy energy and nutritional needs
linked to increased dental disease
Give 3 Advantages of Dry complete food
- Give 4 disadvantages of Dry complete food
more nutrients per 100g
less food required to satisfy energy and nutritional requirements
acceptability is reduced when fed alone
low water content
availability of fatty acids may be limited
can become rancid quickly depending on fat additives if not stored correctly