nutrition Flashcards
biomolecules
essential for living organisms to function they provide energy and structure and chemical reactions to cells. there are 4 types lipids proteins carbohydrates and nucleic acids without biomolecules cells wouldn’t be able to grow repair of live out the process of life
4 main elements of life
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
why do we eat
We eat to get energy, nutrients, and to help our bodies grow and repair and to make more cells
what are the molecules of life
lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids like DNA and RNA
inorganic definition
substances that don’t have carbon-hydrogen bonds
organic definition
contains carbon
what is a disaccharide
carbohydrate made up of 2 sugar molecules
monosaccharides definition
simplest type of carbohydrate, only has one sugar molecule
polysaccharide definition
carbohydrate made up of many sugars
carbohydrate definition
macro nutrient found in food and drinks like sugar starches and fibres and breaks down into glucose
single sugar ratio
1-2-1
3 main saccharides used in nature
fructose glucose galactose
what suffix indicates a compound is a carbohydrate
ose
what reaction happens to form a disaccharide
dehydration synthesis
what monomers from maltose, lactose and sucrose
- maltose, 2 glucose molecules
- lactose, 1 glucose and 1 galactose
- sucrose, 1 glucose and 1 fructose
what is hydrolysis
when water breaks down a molecule
what sugar is used for energy
glucose
is an enzyme a protein
no
what is cellulose
carbohydrate that makes up plant cell walls and provides structure
what does a lipid do
stores energy, insulates and protects organs, and helps build cell membranes.
what’s a triglyceride
fat made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule. It stores energy in the body
what is HDL
high density lipoprotein, good cholesterol, helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream
what’s LDL
low density lipoprotein, bad cholesterol, carries cholesterol from the liver to the cells, but too much can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries
what’s elements make up proteins
hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen
what are the basic building blocks of proteins called
amino acids
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
basic structure of amino acids
hydrophobic definition
doesn’t like water
hydrophilic definition
likes water
saturated fats
have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature
unsaturated fats
have one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature
polysatured
2 or more double bond and found in nuts or seeds
what elements make up a lipid molecule
carbon oxygen and hydrogen
essential amino acids
Histidine
2. Isoleucine
3. Leucine
4. Lysine
5. Methionine
6. Phenylalanine
7. Threonine
8. Tryptophan
9. Valine
denaturation
process where a protein loses shape and function due to external factors
how many amino acids does the body require
20
phospholipid
make sup cell membranes and is hydrophilic
ketosis
a metabolic state where the body burns fat for fuel instead of carbs this happens when there isn’t enough glucose
peptide bond
chemical bond that links two amino acids together to form a protein
polypeptide
chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
enzyme
protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required
catalyst
a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up in the process
substrate
the reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts
isomers
when they have the same compound but in different order
what’s a lipid
fats that are building blocks for the body. triglycerides form when glycerol reacts with 3 fatty acids through ester bonds releasing water molecules. fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated.
what’s a protein
built from amino acids linked by peptide bonds which are chemical bonds that join 2 amino acids by removing a water molecule and have 4 organizational levels
what’s a carbohydrate
built from monosaccharides they are organic molecules made out of carbon hydrogen and oxygen they provide energy and structure and come in 3 forms mono poly and di saccharides
what are nucleic acids
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that carry genetic information Dna forms a double helix w base paring a-t and c-g RNA is single stranded
DNA and RNA meaning
deoxyribonucleic acids and ribonucleic acid
what’s a polymer and monomer
a monomer is a small molecule that joins w other identical molecules through dehydration synthesis to form a merger chain called polymer mono comes first poly comes second
what are enzymes
tiny helpers in the body that help speed up processes like digesting food and have a special shape are also proteins
substrate interaction
lock and key example the enzymes active site has a specific shape that matches certain substrates
unsaturated fats
they contain 1 or more double bond between carbon atoms creating a linked chain which prevents tight packing making it liquid at room temp.
saturated fats
lipids that contain single bonds between carbon atoms and their fatty acids tails which result in a straight chain allowing fats to pack tightly together and be solid at room temp
coagulation
where denaturation proteins clump together and form a solid mass
