Health and Ethics Flashcards
What is trepanation
drilling holes in head to release pressure
define healthcare
the maintaining and restoration of health by the treatment and prevention diseases by professionals
define medicine
the science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease, excluding surgery
who were some people that contributed to the history of health care?
Benjamin Franklin created bifocals and found out colds are contagious , Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Invented the microscope lens that allowed visualization of organisms, Edward Jenner: Developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796, alexander fleming discovered penicillin, robert jarvik crated first artificial heart
what are the biomedical, traditional, and complementary medical knowledge systems?
biomedical, traditional, complementary, alternative
describe holistic care
care that promotes physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being
Factors of wellness
spiritual, mental, physical, social, emotional
Ancient Persian medicine
believed illness was caused by imbalances in the body.
treatment for headaches- opium,cannabis and willow tree oil were applied to patients newly shaved head after being washed with salt water for better penetration. Prevention- a list of signs and symptoms were put out to help prevent headaches
Ancient egyptian medicine
believed illness was caused by a persons relationship with the universe and everything around them. Treatment for breast cancer to apply lint honey and grease to it every day. prevention was to eat food like honey and onions and then get proper rest
CAM therapy medicines (3)
Massage: A hands-on treatment that can help with pain, fatigue, stress, and anxiety
Meditation: A mind-body practice that can help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression
Acupuncture: A treatment that may help with chronic pain, headaches, and nausea and vomiting
Modern healthcare medicine
-Primary: Doctors, nurse practitioners and local clinics, Quick diagnosis without extended stay.
-Hospitals: Usuatly second line of care. Emergency care with extended stay.
-Community Clinics: Local clinics, littte diagnosis. Used for vaccinations and children’s checkups.
-Specialized Services: Specialized units or care such as cardiologists.
-Pharmaceutical Care: Makes and provides medication for the patient. They can provide vaccinations.
pros and cons of canadian healthcare
pros- paid through taxes
- universal access
- equitable care
- no out of pocket costs
cons-long wait times
-burnt out workers
-not enough family doctors
what is 3D printing
computer created digital models that makes 3D objects like prosthetics, ear, arm, nose
pros of 3D printing
-models for medical education
- safe
-personal protective equipment
-personalized
cons of 3D printing
-costly
-few trained for it
-how to test new developments
-long time to print
controversy for 3D printing
-donor consent
-lack of regulations
-oversight and risk classification concerns
how to improve our health care
-having a data board for hand washing
-virtual care strategies
-pharmacists doing simple treatments and diagnosis’s
what does crispr stand for?
c-clustered
r-regularly
i-interspaced
s-short
p-palindromic
r-repeats
what is crispr
a tool for cutting DNA
what does crispr do?
-can detect disease
-can change DNA
-produces more of the desired gene
-transports enzymes
-cut and copies DNA
-knocks out specific genes
-has 2 components- cas 9 and RNA guide
what are stem cells?
cells that can become another cell
what is crispr used for?
-treating diseases ex. sickle cell anemia or cancer
-contributed to CAR-T therapy which is used to treat cancer
pros of crispr
-individualized
-very accurate method to modify genes
cons of crispr
-ethical concerns about alternating embryos to design babies
-can have unpredictable outcomes
-unknown long term consequences
what is traditional medicine
methods of treatment passed on from cultures and generations
what is complementary healthcare
methods and beliefs other than traditional western medicine used to complement other treatments
what is bloodletting
bleeding out to get rid of certain diseases
what is alternative healthcare
using other/ uncommon methods to treat a diagnosis
what are 2 characteristics of stem cells
-capable of self renewal
-capable of differentiation/pluripotent
what are different uses for stem cells
-approved for use in stem cell transplants to treat specific cancers
-used to treat variety of conditions like heart disease, brain disorders, kidney issues
what are the types of stem cells
-adult stem cells which can become skin, muscle,liver, or blood cells
-embryonic stem cells which are pluripotent and can become any cell in the body and can be used to generate or repairs tissue and organs
how is 3D changing medicine and healthcare?
-costume prosthetics and implants
-is slowly helping to replace the need for organ donors which is saving people life
-helps to train surgeons instead of having to practice on humans
what is health care tourism
travelling around the world to get medical treatments
why is there controversy behind using embryonic stem cells
some people consider it as the destruction of human life as it destroys the embryo and there could be moral and religious concerns
define biomedical
Methods of treatment based on the used of drugs and surgery to treat symptoms.
ancient inca
Ancient Inca’s: Used herbs and religion in health and sickness. Treat pain with chewed cocoa leave. Prevent illness with cerimonies.
