nutrition

Question 1

what are carbohydrates

Answer 1

rings of carbon with oxygens and hydrogens
-single units are called monosaccharide(Sigle sugars)
-complex sugars, polysaccharide (starch, celuloce)

Question 2

what are proteins

Answer 2

proteins ate long chains of amino acids
- represented by a rectangle

Question 3

what are fats

Answer 3

made up of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 4

what is Hydrolysis

Answer 4

process where big molecules break apart into smaller molecules
-water is required to undergo hydrolysis

Question 5

what is Condensation

Answer 5

process where small molecules are built up into larger material
-water is always produced

Question 6

naming sugars

Answer 6

• end in -ose, glucose, lactose, sucrose etc.
• combination of monosaccharides can called disaccharide or polysaccharide

Question 7

function of carbohydrates

Answer 7

provide mediate short term energy

Question 8

function of proteins

Answer 8

• depends on the shape
• provide structural support
• act as enzymes

Question 9

function of fats

Answer 9

provide long term energy in a stored form

Question 10

name of the bond joining glucose

Answer 10

glycosidic bond

Question 11

what is cellulose

Answer 11

fiber cant digest

Question 12

bond joining the amino and carboxyl group to make a protein

Answer 12

peptide bond

Question 13

protein denaturation- unfolding proteins

Answer 13

conditions causing denaturation are:
- temperature
- pH
- salinity
denaturation alters structure.
some proteins can return to their functional shape after denaturation, but many cant.

Question 14

naming proteins

Question 15

bond liking the glycerol and fatty acid

Answer 15

ester linkage

Question 16

naming fats

Question 17

saturated fatty acids

Answer 17

• no double bond
• long straight chain
• most animal fats
• solid at room temp

Question 18

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 18

-double bond
- kink in chain
- mostly oils
- liquid at room temp

Question 19

which fatty acids should you choose

Answer 19

• unsaturated fatty acids
• unless its a trans-unsaturated fats

Question 20

why trans unsaturated fats are no good

Answer 20

• they have deleterious effects on human health.
• increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(bad alcohol)
• decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(good alcohol)
  -increases risk of cardiovascular disease
  -provide 0 nutritional value

Question 21

cholesterol

Answer 21

-waxy fat-like substance in your blood
-essential for good health

Question 22

how are trans fats produced

Answer 22

industries trying to turn unsaturated fats into saturated fats through hydrogenation, turn some of the cis unsaturated fat into trans unsaturated fats

Question 23

hydrogenation

Answer 23

through the process of hydrogenation which consists of a chemically adding hydrogen atoms to cis unsaturated fats, eliminating the double bond between the carbons making them saturated

Question 24

sources of cholesterol

Answer 24

1. blood cholesterol comes from our liver and helps our body build cells and make vitamins and certain hormones
   our body produce all the cholesterol we need
2. dietary cholesterol comes from the food we war, primarily animal products, and can lead to health problems if it gets to high