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Nutrition > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following nutrients do not provide energy in the form of Calories/Kilocalories to the body

A. Vitamins and minerals
B. Fats
C. Carbohydrates
D. Alcohol

A

A. Vitamins and minerals

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2
Q

Which of the following is the current USDA food guide
A. A guide to good eating basic 7
B. My plate
C. Hassle free daily food guide
D. Food guide pyramid

A

B. My plate

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3
Q

It is easier to build an overall healthy diet by incorporating more ____ dense foods and fewer ____ dense foods

A. Energy, nutrients
B. Nutrients & energy density don’t matter
C. Nutrient, energy

A

C. Nutrient, energy

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of a common quality of healthy diets ( 4 pillars of nutrition )
A. Adequacy
B. Balance
C. Control
D. Variety

A

C. Control

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5
Q

When evaluating sources of nutrition information, it is wise to be wary of sources such as what?
A. Sources trying to sell a product
B. Social media influencers
C. Sources using dramatic or scare tactics
D. All the above

A

D. All the above

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6
Q

Which is not an example of an essential nutrient:
A. Omega 3 fatty acids
B. Certain amino acids
C. Vitamins
D. Cholesterol

A

D. Cholesterol

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7
Q

Which of the following is an example of an accessory organ to the digestive system?
A. Bladder
B. Pancreas
C. Heart
D. Brain

A

B. Pancreas

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8
Q

Probiotics can be defined as:

A. live beneficial bacteria found in fermented foods
B. the addition of the B-vitamin biotin to foods to reduce the risk of cancer
C. foods with added nutrients to replace vitamins lost in processing
D. undigested carbs that foster the growth of good bacteria in the colon

A

A. live beneficial bacteria found in fermented foods

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9
Q

The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is:

A. growth and development
B. as a source of linoleic acid
C. As a source of energy
D. to enhance satiety

A

C. As a source of energy

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10
Q

Vitamin B-12 is a nutrient of concern for vegans because it can only be found in animal food
A. true
B. false

A

A. true

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11
Q

Iron found in plant foods is higher in bioavailability than the home iron found in animal foods
A. true
B. false

A

B. false

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12
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature true or false
A. true
B. false

A

B. false

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13
Q

Villi and microvilli are structures that increase the surface area of the small intestine true or false
A. True
B. false

A

A. True

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14
Q

Insoluble fiber passes through the digestive system relatively intact and is also reffered to as “roughage” true or false
A. true
B. false

A

A. true

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15
Q

The disaccharide sucrose is formed from:
A. glucose and glucose
B. Glucose and fructose
C. glucose and galactose
D. Fructose and maltose

A

B. Glucose and fructose

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16
Q

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans and other animals found primarily in:

A. the liver and skeletal muscles
B. insoluble fiber and lignin
C. adipose and muscle tissue
D. the blood and brain

A

A. the liver and skeletal muscles

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17
Q

All of the following are true for the hormone insulin, EXCEPT that it:

A. Functions to lower blood glucose
B. Is required for release of glucose from glycogen stores
C. Enhances conversion of excess glucose into glycogen in liver and muscles
D.Is secreted by the pancreas

A

B. Is required for release of glucose from glycogen stores

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18
Q

The cause of lactose intolerance is:

A. a food allergy during childhood
B. Overproduction of the enzyme lactase
C. Insufficient levels of the enzyme lactase
D. excessive consumption of proteins

A

C. Insufficient levels of the enzyme lactase

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19
Q

What is the definition of excretion (as it relates to digestive system)?

A. Food is taken into the body
B. Substances are taken up from the gastrointestinal tract into the body
C.Food is mechanically and chemically broken down into absorbable units
D. Undigested material in our diet & other waste products are eliminated

A

D. Undigested material in our diet & other waste products are eliminated

20
Q

If a food has 40 grams of carbohydrate, how many kcals/Calories in that food item come from carbs?
A. 280 kcals
B. 360 kcals
C. 160 kcals
D. 40 k cals

A

C. 160 Kcals

21
Q

_____are a major component of cell membranes by providing both flexibility and integrity.
A. lipids
B. protein
C. Carbohydrate

A

A. lipids

22
Q

Dietary fat contributes to satiety by:
A. Increasing the rate at which food passes through the Gl tract
B. Adding to the effect of high-carb foods in raising blood glucose levels
C. Producing bulk to fill the stomach
D. Prolonging the time food stays in the stomach

A

D. Prolonging the time food stays in the stomach

23
Q

A food has 10 grams of fat; how many kcals come from fat in this food?
A. 100 kcal
B. 90 kcal
C. 10 kcal
D. 900 kcal

A

B. 90 kcal

24
Q

If a fatty acid does not have any double bonds and is fully hydrogenated, what kind of fatty acid is it?
A. Monounsaturated
B. Saturated
C. Polyunsaturated

A

B. Saturated

25
Q

Which of the following is untrue about cholesterol?
A. is found only in animal foods
B. must be consumed in the diet to meet the body’s needs
C. does not provide energy to the body
D. functions as a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones

A

B. must be consumed in the diet to meet the body’s needs

26
Q

Like carbs and fat, protein is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Protein differs in that is also contains:
A. sodium
B. phosphorus
C. calcium
D. Nitrogen

A

D. Nitrogen

27
Q

Atherosclerosis is theorized to begin with:
A. injury to the lining of the artery
B. a heart attack
C. blood clog formation
D. a stroke

A

A. injury to the lining of the artery

28
Q

A primary function of HDLs is to:
A. A Transport triglycerides to adipose tissue
B. Transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver
C. Link amino acids to form proteins
D. Aid in the digestion of lipids in the small intestine

A

B. Transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver

29
Q

All of the following are among the cluster of conditions that characterize metabolic syndrome, EXCEPT:
A. high blood pressure
B. prediabetes or diabetes type 2
C. Low levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood
D. Elevated levels of triglycerides in the blood

A

C. Low levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood

30
Q

Diabetes effects which of the following organs?
A. heart
B. blood vessels and eye
C. kidneys
D. All the above

A

D. all these above

31
Q

Twenty amino acids are present in proteins; of these, _ are considered nonessential amino acids.
A. 15; 5
B. 9; 11
C. 7; 13
D. 11; 9

A

B. 9; 11

32
Q

Functions of protein do not include:
A. Serving as a store of excess amino acids
B. Catalyzing chemical reactions in the body
C. Serving as an energy source
D. Serving as a structural component of hair and fingernails

A

A. Serving as a store of excess amino acids

33
Q

What is the definition of digestion?
A. food is taken into the body
B. substances are taken up from the gastrointestinal tract into the body
C. food is mechanically and chemically broken down into absorbable units
D. undigested material in our diet and other waste products are eliminated

A

C. food is mechanically and chemically broken down into absorbable units

34
Q

what is the definition for indigestion
A. food is taken into the body
B. substances are taken up from the gastrointestinal tract into the body
C. food is mechanically and chemically broken down into absorbable units
D. undigested material in our diet and other waste products are eliminated

A

A. food is taken into the body

35
Q

The shape of a protein is determinant of its ______ in the human body
A. energy potential
B. permanence
C. Function
D. storage form

A

C. Function

36
Q

Protein denaturation refers to:
A. The process of adding an amino acid to a food that is not present naturally
B. the lack of one or more essential amino acids in a food
C. The conversion of protein to glucose or fatty acids
D. A change in shape of protein structure due to heat, light, motion, or pH

A

D. A change in shape of protein structure due to heat, light, motion, or pH

37
Q

The nutrient intake that is sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all healthy individuals in a given age and sex is:
A. upper limit
B. estimated average requirement
C. recommended dietary allowance
D. adequate intake

A

C. recommended dietary allowance

38
Q

Each of the following is a source of complete proteins, EXCEPT:
A. eggs
B. black beans
C. beef
D. quinoa

A

B. Black beans

39
Q

In type 1 diabetes, cells in the pancreas:
A. are destroyed by the body’s immune system
B. Secrete excessive amounts of glucagon
C. Multiply to provide sufficient amounts of insulin
D. Secrete excessive amounts of insulin

A

A. Are destroyed by the body’s immune system

40
Q

what is Type 2 diabetes:
A. Is solely caused by excessive intake of sugar or sucrose
B. Is characterized by an absence of insulin production by the pancreas
C. Is characterized by insulin resistance
D. is an autoimmune disease

A

C. Is characterized by insulin resistance

41
Q

What is the definition of absorption?
A. A Food is taken into the body
B. Substances are taken up from the gastrointestinal tract into the body
C. Food is mechanically and chemically broken down into absorbable units
D. Undigested material in our diet & other waste products are eliminated

A

B. Substances are taken up from the gastrointestinal tract into the body

42
Q

M.J. follows a vegan diet. Which of the following foods does she avoid?
A. Coconut oil
B. peanut butter
C. maple syrup
D. butter

A

D. butter

43
Q

Studies examining the benefits of vegetarianism cite all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. A lower risk of cancer
B. A lower incidence of high blood pressure
C. A lower incidence of iron-deficiency anemia
D. A lower rate of type 2 diabetes

A

C. A lower incidence of iron-deficiency anemia

44
Q

All of the following are true regarding phytochemicals, EXCEPT:
A. They are classified as an essential micronutrient
B. They are linked to a reduced risk of cancer
C. Provide color, aroma, and flavor to foods
D. thousands of these compounds are found in foods

A

A. They are classified as an essential micronutrient

45
Q

All of the following are true about complementary protein foods. EXCEPT:
A. an example meal is black beans, corn, and rice
B. must be consumed at the same meal or snack to support protein synthesis
C. they have different amino aids, together provide all essential amino acids
D. together they can improve overall protein quality

A

B. must be consumed at the same meal or snack to support protein synthesis

46
Q

Characteristics of the polyphenols include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. They are found in salmon and other cold water fish
B. they are found in coffee, tea, and red wine
C. they are the most abundant and diverse category of phytochemical
D. They are found in salmon and other cold water fish

A

D. They are found in salmon and other cold water fish

Nutrition (2 decks)

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