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Nutrition > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamins are classified according to their:
A. Availability
B. Function
C. Molecular structure
D. Solubility

A

D. Solubility

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2
Q

Inactive precursor forms of vitamins are termed:
A. Antioxidant
B. Provitamins
C. Performed vitamins
D. Hormones

A

B. Provitamins

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3
Q

Vitamin A deficiency:
A. Compromises the ability to see in low light
B. Increases the risk of death from infectious disease in children
C. Results in keratinization of epithelial cells
D. All the above

A

D. All the above

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4
Q

The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Vitamin D:
A. Are established based on minimal sun exposure
B. Are based on maximum sun exposure of 4 to 6 hours/day
C. Are establish to maintain calcium, concentration in healthy people
D. Can be met through the consumptions of adequate amounts of fruits and veggies

A

A. Are established based on minimal sun exposure

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5
Q

All of the following are true regarding Vitamin D EXCEPT:
A. It is also known as calcitriol and functions as a hormone in the body
B. It is important for maintaining calcium concentrations in the blood
C. Its synthesis in the body is not diminished by use of sunscreens
D. It is only essential one sun exposure /synthesis is insufficient

A

C. Its synthesis in the body is not diminished by use of sunscreens

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6
Q

Possible toxicity from vitamins is MOST likely to occur when consuming

A. A Large portions of fruits & vegetables
B. Dietary supplements
C. An excess intake of water soluble vitamins
D. More than two servings of milk per day

A

B. Dietary supplements.

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7
Q

Vitamin K has a key roll in:
A. Nerve impulse transmission
B. Formation of red blood cells
C. Energy metabolism
D. Blood clotting

A

D. Blood clotting

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8
Q

Chemical compounds that bind enzymes and are required for their function are termed:
A. Catalysts
B. Hormones
C. Coenzymes
D. Lipoproteins

A

C. Coenzymes

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9
Q

The deficiency disease associated with inadequate vitamin D, and or calcium intake is:
A. Beriberi
B. Rickets
C. Pernicious anemia
D. Pellagra

A

B. Rickets

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10
Q

The primary source of riboflavin in the u.s diet is:
A. Citrus fruits
B. Milk/ dairy
C. Grains
D. Nuts

A

B. Milk/dairy

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11
Q

The vitamin that is sometimes given as a prescription to help lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol is:
A. Riboflavin
B. Niacin
C. Pyridoxine
D. Thiamin

A

B. Niacin

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12
Q

When consumed in adequate amounts before conception and early in pregnancy, _ has been shown to prevent as many as 2/3
A. Vitamin A; related disorders
B. Vitamin D; premature bone loss
D. Folate; Neural tube defects
C. Vitamin B6; morning sickness

A

D. Folate; neural tube defects

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13
Q

Absorption of Vitamin B12 requires:
A. Binding to a protein in the stomach called intrinsic
B. The presence of vitamin C in the same meal
C. The presence of bile in the small intestine
D. Incorporations into chylomicrons in the blood

A

A. Binding to a protein in the stomach called intrinsic

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14
Q

The absorption of dietary iron is enhanced by the presence of:
A. Choline
B. Pyridoxine
C. Fiber
D. Vitamin C

A

D. Vitamin C

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15
Q

All of the following are true regarding calcium levels in the body EXCEPT:
A. Determined primarily by calcium intake in the diet
B. Pegulated by a process called calcium homeostasis
C. Supplied primarily by calcium in bone
D. Influenced by calcium absorption and excretion

A

A. Determined primarily by calcium intake in the diet

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16
Q

The primary focus of the DASH diet is to help control:
A. high cholesterol levels
B. high blood pressure
C. type 2 diabetes
D. blood triglycerides

A

B. high blood pressure

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17
Q

Water plays an important role:
A. Providing a source of energy
B. Making a 50% bodyweight in men
C. Providing a source of potassium
D. Regulating body temperature

A

D. Regulating body temperature

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18
Q

Which electrolytes are involved in maintaining fluid balance in the body?
A. Sodium potassium and magnesium
B. Copper sodium and potassium
C. Sodium potassium and chloride
D. Sulfur sodium and chloride

A

C. Sodium potassium and chloride

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19
Q

condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, increased blood volume & symptoms like nausea and confusion
A. ketoacidosis
B. hyponatremia
C. hypokalemia
D. Dehydration

A

B. hyponatremia

20
Q

Daily water requirements are:
A. 4 the same for all ages, 8 glasses per day
B. Established by specific RDAS for all ages and sexes
C. determined by losses through urine, respiration, perspiration and
Feces
D. the same for men and women if they live in temperate climates

A

C. determined by losses through urine, respiration, perspiration and
Feces

21
Q

The majority iodine intake in the US comes from:
A. milk & processed grains
B. Iodized salt
C. Fruits and vegetables
D. Nuts and vegetable oils

A

A. Milk and processed gains

22
Q

According to the world health organization, the number one nutrition disorder worldwide is:
A. Beriberi
B. Pellagra
C. Goiters
D. Iron deficiency anemia

A

D. Iron deficiency anemia

23
Q

Which trace mineral is required for the function of more proteins than any other mineral in the body?
A. Copper
B. Iron
C. Chromium
D. Zinc

A

D. Zinc

24
Q

Synthetic vitamins are:
A. Tested for safety efficacy by the FDA
B. Generally chemically identical to vitamins labeled natural
C. Significantly less effective than natural supplemental vitamins
D. Usually more expensive than natural supplemental vitamins

A

B. Generally chemically identical to vitamins labeled natural

25
Q

The vitamins and minerals in high potency supplements:
A. A are proven to improve health and promote longevity
B. Cannot by law exceeded their percent of daily value
C. May exceed the UL
D. Will not result in any adverse effects because any excess is excreted

A

C. May exceed the UL

26
Q

Satiation can be defined as:
A. A the effect of a meal level of hunger & desire to eat after or between meals
B. sense/feeling of fuliness while eating that leads to termination of a meal
C. the saturation of adipose tissue with the hormone ghrelin
D. an appetite for foods high in fat, particularly saturated fat

A

B. sense/feeling of fuliness while eating that leads to termination of a meal

27
Q

The primary contributor to an individual’s total energy expenditure is:
A. A basal metabolism
B. Activity energy expenditure
C. thermic effect of food
D. meal timing & composition

A

A. A basal metabolism

28
Q

What is set point weight?
A. A the use of BMI to categorize health status
B. An approach that emphasizes calories in and calories out
C. genetically predetermined wt. our bodies try to maintain regardless
D. using a metabolic calculator to determine how many calories a body needs

A

C. genetically predetermined wt. our bodies try to maintain regardless

29
Q

Which of the following may protect against free radicals?
A. sedentary lifestye
B. compromised immune function
C. exposure to UV radiation
D. adequate vitamin E intake

A

D. adequate vitamin E intake

30
Q

Why are chronic alcoholics at risk for zinc deficiency?
A. alcohol reduces zinc absorption & increases zinc excretion via urine
B. They sleep too much
C. The eat too many calories
D. Their kidneys are overworked

A

A. alcohol reduces zinc absorption & increases zinc excretion via urine

31
Q

Which of the following is an excellent source of potassium?
A. vanilla cake frosting
B. Grits
C. Baked potato
D. Whole wheat bread

A

C. Baked potato

32
Q

When more water is needed in the bloodstream, the
_ releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
A. Thyroid
B. Pituitary gland
C. Kidney
D. Tongue

A

B. Pituitary gland

33
Q

A significant research trial using a large dose ____ supplement was stopped early due to evidence of likely harm
A. Vitamin C
B. Beta-carotene
C. Vitamin D
D. Calcium

A

B. Beta-carotene

34
Q

Why does the DASH diet support consumption of an abundance of foods with potassium?
A. Potassium increases blood pressure
B. Polassium enhances taste
C. Potassium can lower blood pressure
D. Potassium lowers stress

A

C. Potassium can lower blood pressure

35
Q

There is no approved health claim for a link between:
A. Neural tubes defect and folate
B. The common cold and vitamin C
C. Cancer and fiber containing grain products, fruits, and vegetables
D. Hypertension sodium

A

B. The common cold and vitamin C

36
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins are mainly stored in:
A. The gallbladder
B. Skeletal muscles and fiber
C. The gallbladder and the liver
D. Fatty tissues and the liver

A

D. Fatty tissues and the liver

37
Q

What is the process of continuous calcium release from the bones & the deposition of calcium back into the bones called?
A. Osteopenia
B. Homeostasis
C. Bone resorption
D. Bone remodeling

A

D. Bone remodeling

38
Q

What is problematic about using the BMI (body mass index)?
A. it’s racist & sexist and it harms people of all body sizes
B. reliance on it means doctors don’t ase more scientifically sound
methods
C. it uses arbitrary cutoffs to put people into weight categories
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

39
Q

Traditional weight loss recommendations with calorie deprivation are useful for most & have a high rate of efficacy
Next
A. True
B. False

A

B. False

40
Q

There are no laws capping supplement potency, except for potassium due to potential adverse effects on heart rate/rhythm

A. True
B. False

A

A. True

41
Q

When the body doesn’t have enough iodine, thyroid is overstimulated leading to an enlarged gland referred to as a goiter

A. True
B. False

A

A. True

42
Q

Ghrelin is the hormone that is most associated with increasing hunger.
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

43
Q

You should wait until you are a 1 on the hunger/fullness scale feeling dizzy, nauseous and physically ill before eating
A. True
B. False

A

B. False

44
Q

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) equations can provide an estimation of daily energy needs but are not 100% accurate

A. True
B. False

A

A. True

45
Q

The deficiency disease associated with inadequate niacin intake is:
A.beriberi
B. Megaiobiastic anemia
C. Pernicious anemia
D. Pellagra

A

D. Pellagra

Nutrition (2 decks)

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