Nutrition 🍎 Flashcards
Name 6 facts regarding fat soluble
- They are fairly stable in the heat
- Absorbed in the intestines
- Require bile to be absorbed
- Transported through the lymphatic system
- Hard to excrete therefore can build up to toxic levels
- Stored in the liver and adipose tissues
Which vitamins are fat soluble?
Vitamins A, D,E, K
What is another name for vitamin A
Retinol or retanoids
Retinol is a dietary source from
Animals
Give me 2 deficiency of vitamin A when it comes to teeth
Can cause enamel hypoplasia and defect dentin formation in developing teeth
What are the functions for Vitamin A
Prevent night blindness
Cell communication
Bone and teeth development
Cancer prevention
Keratinization for your mucous membrane
Maintain immunity
Why is Vitamin A essential for rhodopsin?
It’s a protein that absorbs the light in your retina
Vitamin A deficiencies causes
Night blindness
Growth failure
Dey skin
Keratomalacia (eye disorder)
Xerophthalmia (dryness of the eyes)
Vitamin A animal dietary sources
Beef liver
Fish
Egg yolks
Fortified food (like cereal)
Vitamin A plant based dietary sources
Yellow, green, orange leafy veggies
(Carrots, squash,spinach, broccoli)
What’s another name for vitamin D
Calciferol
What are the 2 main functions of vitamin D?
- Helps absorb calcium and phosphorous
- Mineralization of bones and teeth
What is the main dietary source of vitamin D?
Sunlight (90%)
What is the other 10% you can retrieve vitamin D?
Fortified foods
(Milk, cereals, orange juice)
Fish liver oils
Salmon or tuna
Vitamin D3
What are the 3 deficiencies of vitamin D?
Rickets, enamel hypoplasia, and osteomalacia
What is rickets?
A condition that is mostly seen from childhood and it results from the lack of vitamin D causing abnormal bone growth
- bowlers or knock knees develop
What is osteomalacia?
It’s the removal of calcium from the bones causing them to soften
Give me 2 symptoms of osteomalacia
Skeletal pain and muscle weakness
Osteomalacia can cause loss of the lamina dura
True or false?
True
What another name for vitamin E
Tocopherol
What are the main functions of vitamin E?
- Protects integrity of normal cell membranes
- Prevents hemolysis of RBC’s
- Preserves fats (antioxidant)
ACTS AS AN ANTICOAGULANT
Dietary sources of vitamin E
Vegetable oils like soybean oil and sunflower oil
Whole grains
Green leafy veggies
Apples, apricots, and peaches
Vitamin E deficiencies?
There are very low incidence of this happening also low toxicity ratings
What are some concerns when taking vitamin E supplement?
Patients with a vitamin K deficiency or receiving anticoagulant therapy interest with vitamin K activity, and can increase the risk for hemorrhaging
Children and adults that cannot absorb fats and oils due to disease in the GI tract can benefit from which vitamin?
E
Individuals with sickle cell anemia can benefit from with vitamin ?
E
Vitamin K widens blood vessels and keep blood from clotting
True or false?
False it’s Vitamin E
What are the main 2 functions of vitamin K?
Aids in the formation of blood clotting factors prothrombin and helps increase bone density?
Dietary sources of vitamin K?
Green leafy veggies (kale, spinach, lettuce)
Meats (beef liver), cheese, eggs
Some fruits such as blueberries and figs
What are some vitamin K deficiencies?
Disease or drug therapy
Defective blood clotting
Is vitamin K toxic ?
There hasn’t been any toxic symptoms that has been documented from oral intake BUT in large doses it is possible
Which vitamins are water soluble?
Vitamin C and all B vitamins
Name a few facts regarding water soluble
- Easily absorbable and excreted
- Absorbed in the jejunum (part of the small intestines)
- Relatively nontoxic
4 acts as a coenzyme
What’s another name for vitamin B1?
Thiamin
What are 3 main functions of vitamin B1?
- Help provide energy to the brain, heart, and CNS
- Coenzyme in metabolism of carbohydrates
- Coenzyme in synthesis of niacin
What are some dietary sources of B1?
Pork, beef, seafood, legumes, enriched grains
Name 2 deficiencies of vitamin B1
Beri beri and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
What is beri beri?
It’s a condition resulting in extensive damage to the nervous and cardiovascular system
- peripheral neuropathy and wasting ( impaired motor functions)
- tachycardia and enlarged heart
What is Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome ?
Typically associated to patients suffering from alcoholism causing mental confusion, nystagmus (rapid eye movement), and ataxia( gait disorder with impaired coordination to muscle movement)
Which 2 B vitamins act as a coenzyme in metabolizing carbohydrates?
B1 and B12
What is another name for vitamin B2?
Riboflavin
