Nutrition Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

It is the assimilation by living organisms of food materials that enable them to grow, maintain themselves, and reproduce.

A

Nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of Nutrients

A

Provide chemical energy for cellular processes;

Provide Organic building blocks for macromolecules that contributes to body structure; and

Provide Essential Nutrients that regulates chemical processes in the body. (Metabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of Nutrients

A

Micronutrients and Macronutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are carbon-based compounds that can be metabolically processed into cellular energy through changes in their chemical bonds.

A

Macronutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are essential for carrying out bodily functions, but they are required by the body in lesser amounts.

A

Micronutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Modes of Nutrition

A

Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

They sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings. Also called ‘Self-feeders’ or producers.

A

Autotrophic Organisms (Autotrophs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

They are unable to make their own food, thus they live on compounds produced by other organisms. Also called consumers.

A

Heterotrophic Organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The process of taking in food is called _______________

A

Ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False:

Nutrition in animals depends upon the feeding habits of the animals.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

feeding in which strains small organisms or food particles from the surrounding medium, i.e. water.

A

Filter Feeding (ex. Baleen of Whales)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

feeding while living in or on their food source.

A

Substrate Feeding (ex. Caterpillar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

feeding by sucking nutrient-rich fluid from a living host.

A

Fluid Feeding (ex. Mosquito)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Feeding by eating relatively large pieces of food.

A

Bulk Feeding (ex. Humans and Snakes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Four (4) distinct stages of Food Processing:

A

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A mode of nutrition where organisms “feed” without eating anything derived from other living beings.

A

Autotrophic

17
Q

Amino acids that cannot be fabricated by the body and must be obtained from food.

A

Essential Amino Acids

18
Q

The Eight amino acids required for Human Diet

A

Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine.

(Human infants also need a ninth, Histidine.)

19
Q

Although animals can synthesize many fatty acids, they lack the enzymes to form the double bonds found in certain required fatty acids. Instead, these molecules must be obtained from the diet.

A

Essential Fatty Acids (ie. Linoleic Acid found in seeds)

20
Q

True or False:

Plants, unlike animals, do not have to obtain organic materials for their nutrition, although these form the bulk of their tissues.

A

TRUE

21
Q

True or False:

By trapping solar energy in photosynthetic systems, they are able to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water.

A

TRUE

22
Q

Required elements for a plant to complete its life cycle and produce another generation.

A

Essential Elements in Plants

23
Q

Nonpathogenic bacteria (or fungi)that live between cells within the plant itself but do not form deep, intimate associations with the cells or alter their morphology.

A

Endophytes

24
Q

Both ______________ and ______________ depend on nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids that are secreted by plant cells.

A

endophytic bacteria, rhizobacteria

25
Q

True or False:

Endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by a variety of mechanisms.

A

True

26
Q

convert gaseous nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) making it an available nutrient to the host plant which can support and enhance plant growth, through nitrogen fixation.

A

Rhizobacteria

27
Q

Also utilized to improve water and nutrient uptake, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.

A

Rhizobacteria

28
Q

Increases the surface area for water uptake and also supplies the plant with phosphate and other minerals absorbed from the soil.

A

Mycorrhizae

29
Q

The _______________________ also secrete growth factors that stimulate roots to row and branch, as well as antibiotics that help protect the plant from soil pathogens

A

fungi of mycorrhizae

30
Q

Macronutrients in Plants:

A

Carbon (CO2): 45%
Oxygen (CO2): 45%
Hydrogen (H2O): 6%
Nitrogen (NO3, NH4): 1.5%
Potassium (K): 1%
Calcium (Ca): 0.5%
Magnesium (Mg): 0.2%
Phosphorus (H2PO4): 0.2%
Sulfur (SO4): 0.1%

31
Q

Micronutrients in Plants:

A

Chlorine
Iron
Manganese
Boron
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Molybdenum

32
Q

The mantle of the fungal mycelium ensheates the root.

A

Ectomycorrhizae

33
Q

No mantle forms around the root but microscopic fungal hyphae extend into the root

A

Arbuscular mycorrhizae

34
Q

Identify if the item is a Macronutrient or a Micronutrient.

Leucine

A

Macronutrient

35
Q

Identify if the item is a Macronutrient or a Micronutrient.

Ascorbic Acid

A

Micronutrient

36
Q

Identify if the item is a Macronutrient or a Micronutrient.

Calcium

A

Macronutrient

37
Q

Identify if the item is a Macronutrient or a Micronutrient.

Linoleic Acid

A

Macronutrient

38
Q

Identify if the item is a Macronutrient or a Micronutrient.

Vitamin D

A

Micronutrient