Gas Exchange Flashcards
the process by which a respiratory gas is transferred from the atmosphere to bodily tissues for use in metabolism ; and the gas produced by metabolism is transferred from tissues to the atmosphere.
Gas exchange
Gas exchange occurs at __________ in the body of an organism
Two sites
in the ______________, where Element X is picked up and Element Y is released,
Respiratory organ
at the _______________, where Element X is released and Element Y is picked up.
Cells/tissue
_______________________ vary from different organisms.
Element X and Element Y
The conditions for gas exchange vary considerably, depending on the respiratory medium; which could be Air or Water.
Respiratory media
_______ is much less dense and less viscous than water, so it is easier to move and to force through small passageways.
Air
breathing __________ is relatively easy and need not be particularly efficient.
Air
___________ lower O2 content, greater density, and greater viscosity mean that ____________ animals must expend considerable energy to carry out gas exchange.
Water’s, aquatic
Types of Respiratory Organs (for animals)
Direct Diffusion
Skin
Gills
Tracheal System
Lungs
It is a type of respiration of simple animals where every cell in the body is close enough to the external environment that gases can diffuse quickly between any cell and the environment.
Direct Diffusion
It is an integumentary organ that serves as a respiratory organ.
Skin
Dense network of capillaries just below the skin facilitates the exchange of gases between the circulatory system and the environment.
Skin
outfoldings of the body surface that are suspended in the water.
Gills
gills often have a total ________________ much greater than that of the rest of the body’s exterior.
Surface area
gills often have a total ________________ much greater than that of the rest of the body’s exterior.
Surface area
For _______________, diffusion through the tracheae brings in enough O2 and removes enough CO2 to support cellular respiration.
Small insects
____________________ meet their higher energy demands by ventilating their tracheal systems with rhythmic body movements that compress and expand the air tubes like bellows.
Larger insects
It is a network of air tubes that branch throughout the body within an organism (Insects).
Tracheal system
These are localized respiratory organs that are subdivided into numerous pockets through infoldings of its surface area.
lungs
What is the respiratory organ of Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms?
Direct diffusion
What is the respiratory organ of Earthworms and Amphibians?
Skin
What is the respiratory organ of Marine Life?
Gills
What is the respiratory organ of insects?
Tracheal system
What is the respiratory organ of Vertebrates that live on land and Marine mammals?
Lungs
___________ have no specialized organs for gas exchange (with the few inevitable exceptions, i.e. stoma).
Plants
____________________________________ takes care of its own gas exchange needs. Although plants have an elaborate liquid transport system, it does not participate in gas transport.
each part of the plants
_____________________________ respire at rates much lower than are characteristic of animals
Roots, stems, and leaves
Only during ____________________ are large volumes of gases exchanged, and each leaf is well adapted to take care of its own needs.
photosynthesis
Each living cell in the plant is located close to the ______________.
surface
While obvious for leaves, it is also true for stems. The only living cells in the stem are organized in ________________ just beneath the bark
thin layers
The cells in the interior are dead and serve only to provide ________________________
mechanical support
Most of the living cells in a plant have at least part of their surface exposed to air. The loose packing of _________________________ in leaves, stems, and roots provides an interconnecting system of air spaces.
parenchyma cells
__________ diffuse through air several thousand times faster than through water.
Gases
Once ________________________________ reach the network of intercellular air spaces, they diffuse rapidly through them.
oxygen and carbon dioxide
Oxygen and carbon dioxide also pass through the _____________________________ of the cell by diffusion.
cell wall and plasma membrane
The diffusion of carbon dioxide may be aided by ________________________ inserted in the plasma membrane.
aquaporin channels
Plants have ________________________________ for gas exchange (with the few inevitable exceptions!)
no specialized organ
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf (as well as the loss of water vapor in transpiration) occurs through pores called ____________________.
stomata (leaves)
