NUTRITION Flashcards
- Adequate dietary intake is necessary for the maintenance of health.
- Nutrients present in the foods that we eat are chemical substances that keep the body healthy, supply materials for
growth and repair of tissues and provide energy for work and physical activity.
NUTRITION
give the two major nutrients
MACRONUTRIENTS AND MICRONUTRIENTS
protein, carbohydrates, fats
MACRONUTRIENTS
vitamins and minerals
MICRONUTRIENTS
- These are food pattern to help a person to select the right kind of food everyday and guide in planning.
- Selecting and preparing meals for the family.
THREE BASIC FOOD GROUPS
- These are foods that make the body grow.
- These are foods rich in protein, iodine, iron and
vitamin B.
BODY-BUILDING FOODS
- These are foods that give us
energy we need in doing everyday task. - Food that is rich in carbohydrates and fats (e.g. potato, bread, butter, corn, cassava, coconut milk)
ENERGY-GIVING FOODS
- These are foods that keep all
or organs working and in good
condition, help in fighting
common illnesses. - These foods are rich in
vitamins and minerals (e.g.
green leafy vegetables, fruits)
BODY-REGULATING FOODS
- Essential for growth and repair of body tissues since they constitute the major part of the body’s building blocks
- Vital in the regulation of body processes
- The source are fish, poultry, meat, eggs, dried beans
- When dietary —– is deficient, there is a failure of growth and development in infants and children or loss of body tissues in adult
PROTEIN
this leads to Kwashiorkor and
Marasmus
PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION
- Mixed deficiency of both
Protein and calories, resulting
in severe wasting in infants. - Body weight is below 60% of
that expected age, the infant
looks ‘old’, has thin sparse hair, is pallid and apathetic. Lacks skin fat, and has subnormal temperature.
MARASMUS
- A form of malnutrition due to diet deficient in protein and energy producing foods, common among certain African tribes.
- develops when, after
prolonged breast feeding, the child is weaned onto an inadequate traditional family diet.
KWASHIORKOR
three major types of dietary
carbohydrates
STARCH, SUGAR, AND FIBER
provides bulk resulting in the
modulation of peristalsis movement and the prevention of constipation
DIETARY FIBER
It modulate the production of insulin and other hormones as
well as synthesis of lipoproteins and cholesterol
DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES
two classification of dietary fibers
SOLUBLE AND INSOLUBLE FIBERS
- dissolves in water to form as gel within the digestive tract and serves to slow the rate at which food passes through small intestine.
- Found in beans, legumes and some fruits like apple and some grains like oats and barley.
SOLUBLE
- it has lowering effects because it increases production of short-chain fatty acids by fermentation in the large intestine.
- This fiber increases bulk in the GI tract and promotes
GI motility, hastening movement of gut contents. - Found in vegetables and whole wheat grain.
INSOLUBLE
- Essential nutrients, beneficial if consumes in the right amount and if is of the right type
- Concentrated source
of energy - Provides essential fatty acid
- Also helps absorb and store fat-soluble vitamins
FATS
- Organic compounds essential in the diet for normal growth and maintenance of life
- They are active in the regulation and metabolism and transformation of energy
- Some vitamins are concerned
with intracellular respiration, providing chemical groupings
essential for intracellular
oxidations and reductions.
VITAMINS
regulates physical and mental development and metabolic rate
IODINE
essential in the formation
of blood, prevents anemia
IRON
essential for normal growth
and development of immunity
ZINC
necessary for absorption and the use of iron in the formation of hemoglobin
COPPER
involves in the formation
of bones and teeth
FLUORIDE
work with insulin and is required for release of energy from glucose.
CHROMIUM
The desirable contribution total energy intake should range from:
55-70% carbohydrates
20-30% fats
10-15% proteins
The nutrient intake of an individual should meet the?
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
- level of daily intake of energy and essential nutrients considered adequate to maintain health and promote
reasonable levels of reserves in the body tissues of practically all healthy persons. - The recommended about depends on one’s body size, age, sex, physiological state and level of physical activity.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
Height must convert to inches by multiplying to?
.025
Weight must convert to pounds by multiplying to?
0.45
to get the BMI, weight is divided by?
HEIGHT
<18.5 BMI
UNDERWEIGHT
18.5-24.9 BMI
NORMAL
25-29.9 BMI
OVERWEIGHT
30-34.9 BMI
OBESE
> 35 BMI
EXTREMELY OBESE
> 35 BMI
EXTREMELY OBESE
