NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Flashcards
- Essential tool to achieve community health
- Concern with promoting health as well as reducing behavior-induced diseases
HEALTH EDUCATOR
- defined as sustained elevation in mean arterial pressure.
- It is not a single disease state
but a disorder with many
causes, a variety of symptoms
and a range of responses to
therapy
HYPERTENSION OR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
a. Family History - people with positive
family history of HPN are twice at risk than those with no history
b. Age - older person are at greater risk
c. High salt intake
d. Obesity - risk is twice greater among
overweight/obese
e. Excessive alcohol intake - regular consumption of 3 or more drinks per day increases risk
ETIOLOGY OR CAUSES OF HYPERTENSION
It is a heart disease caused by
impaired coronary blood flow
- It is known as Ischemic Heart
disease - When the coronary arteries
become narrowed or clogged,
supply of blood and oxygen to
the heart muscle is affected. - When there is decreased oxygen supply to the heart muscle, chest pain occurs.
- can cause myocardial
infarction (heart attack),
arrhythmias, heart failure and
sudden death.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
- The most common cause is the thickening of the inside wall of the arteries due to deposition of fat-like substance (atherosclerosis).
- It usually occurs when a person has high levels of cholesterol in the blood.
ETIOLOGY/CAUSES OF CAD
- High lipid and cholesterol level in the blood=high HDL
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity or sedentary lifestyle
- Stress
MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF CAD
- Hereditary or family history
- Gender
- Age
NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF CAD
- Loss of alteration of bodily function that results from an
insufficient supply of blood to some parts of the brain. - If blood is obstructed for
more than several minutes, injury to the brain cells becomes permanent and tissue dies in the affected
region resulting in cerebral infarction.
CEREBROVASCULAR STROKE
give the three types of stroke
thrombolytic, embolic, and hemorrhagic
most fatal type of stroke,
rupture of intracerebral
blood vessel
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
caused by a moving blood
clot usually from a thrombus in the left heart that becomes lodged in a small artery through which it cannot pass
EMBOLIC STROKE
usually occurs in
atherosclerotic blood vessel
commonly seen in older
people.
THROMBOLYTIC STROKE
agent capable of causing cancer, maybe chemical, environmental agent, radiation
CARCINOGENS
are chemicals found in cigarette smoke, industrial agents and in smoked foods
Polycyclic hydrocarbon
produced when meat and fish are charcoal broiled or smoked, also produced when food is fried in fat that has been reused repeatedly
BENZOPYRENE
powerful carcinogens used as preservatives in foods like tocino, longanisa, bacon, hotdogs
NITROSAMINES
found in peanuts and
peanut butter
AFLATOXIN
Genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of
metabolic disorder characterized by glucose
intolerance with hyperglycemia present at time of diagnosis
DIABETES MELLITUS
- Characterized by absolute lack of insulin due to damaged pancreas
- Dependent on insulin injections
- Genetic, environmental or maybe acquired
TYPE I- Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
- More common, 90-95% of all
person with obesity and diet - Possible cause include impaired insulin secretion and increased hepatic glucose production
- Usually in older and overweight
persons
TYPE II- Non-insulin Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)
Ask the patient (for adults 20 years and
above)
A. Family history of diabetes
B. Polyuria
C. Polydypsia
D. Polyphagia
E. Unexplained weight loss
SCREENING FOR DIABETES MELLITUS
BLOOD TESTS FOR DIABETES MELLITUS
fasting blood sugar, 2 hrs post-prandial test
- Major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality world wide- 4th leading cause of mortality.
- It is a disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
- The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
how many chemical does Tabaco contains? and how many are proven carcinogenic?
4k chemicals, 43 proven carcinogens
- Opacification of the normally clear lens of the eye
- Most common cause of blindness world wide
- Found mostly in older groups
- Surgery is the only cure for cataract blindness
CATARACT
- Common cause of visual impairment in the country
- Corrected either with spectacle glasses, contact lenses and surgery
ERRORS OF REFRACTION
- Highly specialized services that are needed to diagnose and treat
- Screening of children for any sign of visual impairment can be done by pediatricians, school clinics and health workers.
CHILDHOOD BLINDNESS
- Refers to the burden currently affecting person’s mental disorders and is measured in terms of prevalence and other indicators such as the quality of life indicators and DAILY.
- Felt heavily by families and
communities both in human and economic loss
DEFINED BURDEN
- Refers to the stigma and violations of human rights
- Stigma is a mark of shame, disgrace or disapproval that result in a person being shunned or rejected by others
HIDDEN BURDEN
- Refers to the burden in the future resulting from the aging of the population, increasing social problems and unrest inherited from existing burden
FUTURE BURDEN
- Started as DOH- Preventive Nephrology Project (PNP), with NKTI as the main implementing agency
- The implementation of the project then was on the screening for urine abnormality among elementary school children nationwide
- It lasted from January 1994 to December 1999
- In January 2000, the PNP was renamed REDCOP
RENAL DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM (REDCOP)
- used to be the most common cause of ESRD in the third world countries.
- It usually affects children, adolescents and Young adults in their protective years
- Complication in the Kidney from DM-Leading cause now of ESRD
- Some of the signs of latent Kidney Disease
- The person would look or feel normal but when the urine is examined, it will reveal
abnormal findings
CGN OR CHRONIC GLOMEROLUNEPHRITIS
- is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection.
- Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness.
- Other symptoms may include nausea, burning with urination,
and frequent urination. - Complications may include pus around the kidney, sepsis,
or kidney failure
PYELRONEPHRITIS
coronary artery disease is also known as?
ischemic heart disease
what happens when there is a decreased oxygen supply to the heart muscle?
chest pain occurs
three major factors of NCD
- TABACCO SMOKING
- PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
- UNHEALTHY DIET
4 major ncd in the Philippines
- cardiovascular diseases
- cancer
- diabetes mellitus
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
It usually occurs when a person has high levels of cholesterol in the blood
atherosclerosis
what blood vessel ruptures in hemorrhagic stroke?
intracerebral blood vessel
what is the primary cause of COPD?
smoking
COPD is usually due to?
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
what are 2 the complications of COPD?
respiratory failure and cardiovascular disease
REDCOP started as?
Preventive Nephrology Project
