Nutrition Flashcards
The only mineral constituent of chlorophyll molecule
Magnesium
Maize leaves develop red and purple color due to the deficiency of?
Phosphorus
Pansukh is a physiological disorder of which crop?
Pansukh or Tip-burn disease of paddy is said to be caused by waterlogging accompanied with nitrogen deficiency
White eye of rice is caused by
Iron (Fe) deficiency.
Browning of rice
Iron toxicity
Akiochi disease in rice caused due to
Sulfide toxicity
How many elements are essential for growth and development of plants?
17
Which micronutrient is a constituent of enzyme carbonic anhydrase ?
Zinc is a cofactor for the enzyme carbonic anhydrase which is essential to carbon uptake during photosynthesis.
Among the families of crop plants, Sulphur requirement increases in the order of
Graminae < Leguminosae < Cruciferae
Nitrogen content present in Urea
46%
High grade analysis fertilizer is
Urea, MOP, anhydrous ammonia
Fertilizers that have more than 30% total available nutrients are called high analysis fertilizers
Calcium content in Ca(NO3)2
19% calcium
Nitrogen content in Ammonium chloride
26%
Nitrogen % in night soil
5.5 %
Ammonium sulphate is an example for which form of fertilizer
Crystals
_______ contains 2 or 3 primary plant nutrients of which 2 nutrients are in chemical combination
Complex fertilizers
Usually granular
Eg. DAP, Ammonium phosphate and nitrophosphates
Sulphur content in ammonium sulphate nitrate
13%
Calcium content in SSP
19-22%
Chlorine content in KCl
45 to 47 percent Cl⁻
Monocalcium phosphate is ______soluble
Water
____________ are those which supply only one primary plant nutrient, namely N, P or K.
Straight fertilizer
Goat and sheep manure contain _______NPK ratio
3:1:2
Nitrogen content in NaNO3
(16% N, 26% Na)
_________ is an expression referring to legal guarantee of available plant nutrients expressed as % by weight in a fertilizer
Fertilizer grade
Nitrogen content in MAP
12% N (nitrogen) and 61% P2O5 (phosphate).
Dhaincha accumulate _________ amounts of nitrogen
133 kg/ha
134 kg/ha - sunhemp
Example of neutral fertilizer
Calcium ammonium nitrate
Potassium content in potassium nitrate
44%
Nitrogen content in anhydrous ammonia
82%
Sulphur content in potassium sulphate
17%
Basic slag is soluble in
Citric acid
Phosphorus content in DAP
46%
ABA (abscisic acid) appears to be universal among __________ plants
Vascular plants
Azotobacter fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the soil
Non-symbiotically
Molybdenum a component of _________ and __________ enzymes
Nitrogenase and nitrate reductase
Moderately mobile nutrients in plants
Sulfur, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Zinc
Which of the following fertilizer is not produced in India ?
MOP
White bud maize is a deficiency of
Zn
In tomato, fruit cracking is due to
Boron deficiency
A: Whiptail of cauliflower is due to Mo deficiency
B: Browning in cauliflower is due to B deficiency
Both are true
In potato, black heart is due to
O2 deficiency
Root hairs are more developed in ________ plants
Xerophytes
Light saturation point is high for ______ plants
C4
Cuticular transpiration occurs up to _____%
20%
Short day plants examples
Tobacco, soybean and rice
Pigment that doesn’t take part in photosynthesis
Anthocyanin
Chlorophyll, xanthophyll and carotene take part
1st stable product of C4 plants is
OAA (oxaloacetic acid)
Clambering pump theory was given by
Godlewski
He thought that a rhythmic change in the water potential of the living cells like xylem parenchyma and medullary rays caused a pumping action to raise water vertically against gravity.
Root pressure is measured by
Manometer
Chlorophyll pigment that is universal in green plants
Chlorophyll A
Nutrient involved in synthesis of IAA
Zinc
Plant unaffected by day length
Sunflower, tomato
Scientist who introduced the term photorespiration
Krotkov
Father of plant physiology
Stephen Hales
Structure present at the tips of veins of leaves
Hydathodes
Cold treatment to a plant bud or seedling in order to fulfil the specific low temperature requirement is called
Vernalisation
Excessive use of fertilizers can kill the plant due to
Plasmolysis
Term photoperiodism was given by
Garner and Allard
Inhibition of photosynthesis by O2 is known as
Warburg effect
Quantum yield produced by mixed light is greater that yield from 2 beams separately. This phenomenon is called
Emerson effect
Respiratory quotient of organic acids
> 1
Most accepted theory of ascent of sap
Transpirational pull theory
When turgor pressure of guard cells is increased, stomata _____
opens
Most abundant protein in the world is
RuBisCo
Precursor of IAA
Tryptophan
Amount of ATP produced in glycolysis
2 ATP
When Fe contents in plants falls below or equal to _______ ppm, deficiency is likely to occur.
50 ppm
CuSO4.5H2O has ______% of Cu
25%
Na2B4O7 * 10H2O contains ______% of of B
11%
Nitrogen content present in safflower cake
7.9 %
Nitrogen accumulation capacity of Sesbania rostrata
100 kg/ha of nitrogen in 50 days
Which microbe is associated with symbiotic fixation on nodule with non legume crops?
Frankia
What are the slow growing species of legume root nodule bacteria?
Brady rhizobium
Nitrogen content in blood meal
10 - 15%
VAM is an example of phosphorus __________
absorber
____________ is also known as pink salt
MnSO4
Manure also considered as biofertilizer is
Blue Green Algae (BGA)
Nitrogen content in oxamide
31%
Which biofertilizer shows associative symbiosis?
Azospirillum
This bacterial group live partly within the root and partly outside. There is a fair degree of symbiosis between the host and the bacteria.
Boron content in boric acid
17%
Denitrifying bacteria examples
Pseudomonas and Bacillus
Nitrogen content present in UAN
A solution of urea [CO(NH₂)₂] and ammonium nitrate [NH₄NO₃] containing between 28 and 32 percent nitrogen (N)
Chemical formula of gypsum
CaSO4.2H2O
Symbiotic biofertilizer for cereal grains and grasses
Azospirillum
PGR responsible for inducing cell division and delay in senescence
Cytokinin
Hormone used for initiation of rooting in cuttings
Auxin
Hormone used for breaking dormancy
Gibberellin
Stomatal regulator hormone
ABA
Main function of hormone gibberellin is
Internode elongation
Naturally occurring auxin
IAA
VAM is most important _______ mycorrhiza
endo mycorrhizae
It penetrates within the cells of the plants. The fungus colonizes the root cortex and forms a mycelial network along with characteristic arbuscules. Arbuscules are branched finger-like hyphae.
Embryo of seeds secrete _________ enzyme to induce germination
Gibberellin
1st plant hormone to be discovered
Auxin
Anti - gibberellins
Abscisic acid
Works opposite to gibberellins
Stress hormone that plays a major role in abscission of plant leaves & flowers and abiotic stress tolerance
ABA
Site of production of ABA
Terminal bud
If critical deficiency level of Zinc in plant tissue is <20 ppm, deficiency of zinc causes
White bud of maize
Iron rust of paddy
Little leaf of citrus, mango and cashew
Sickle shape of ground nut
Hollow heart in ground nut is due to deficiency of
Boron
Deficiency symptoms on old and new leaves are due to which nutrient?
Zinc
Stem melanosis disease of wheat is associated with
Cu deficiency
Bitter pit of apple is caused by
Ca deficiency
Bronzing in leaf blades of paddy is associated with
Iron toxicity
Which deficiency symptom appears on meristem portion?
Calcium
Micro nutrient that is generally found deficient in Indian soils
Zinc
Sterility in wheat is due to deficiency of
Boron
Yellow spots in citrus plants is due to deficiency of
Molybdenum
Pencil strip of celery is caused by
Excess phosphorus
New leaves of plants show yellow symptoms and veins remain green is due to which nutrient deficiency?
Iron (Fe)
Crinkle leaf of cotton is due to
Mn toxicity
Symptoms of which nutrient deficiency appear first on older leaves and then advance up the stem to younger leaves
Nitrogen
Grass tetany disease is caused by
Deficiency of magnesium
Cupping in plants is mainly due to __________ deficiency
Mo
Deficiency of __________ and _________ are seen on terminal buds
Ca and B
What is hidden hunger?
Hidden hunger refers to a situation in which a crop needs more of a given nutrient yet has shown no deficiency symptoms. The nutrient content is above the deficiency symptom zone but still considerably needed for optimum crop production.
Which plant is an indicator plant for potassium deficiency?
Potato
Which nutrient is important for N₂ fixation?
Molybdenum
The link between glycolysis and citric acid cycle is the oxidative decarboxylation reaction to form
Acetyl CoA
Microbial conversion of nitrate into chemical nitrogen is called
Denitrification
The 17th nutrient added to the list of essential nutrient is
Nickel
Which element is a part of cytochrome oxidase?
Copper and iron
Central Fertilizer Quality Control & Training Institute is located at
Faridabad, Harayana
Phosphorus is available at the pH of
6 - 7.5
Phosphorus is available at the pH of
6 - 7.5
Concentration of CO2 in soil air is _______ as compared to atmospheric air
10 times more
Which element is called the police man - regulating the movement of ions in plants?
Potassium (K)
Deficiency of mobile element in plant will exhibit symptoms first in _______ leaves
Older
The protein part of enzyme is called
Apoenzyme
Which hormone promotes flowering in long day plants?
Gibberellins
Which processes is sometimes called as necessary evil?
Transpiration
It can leads to excessive loss of water sometimes
Stomata open at night in
CAM plants
Availability of Zn increases when it is applied with ______________ fertilizer
Nitrogen
First manufactured fertilizer in India
SSP
Ballast elements
Al and Si
Ballast elements are those elements that refuse to attribute any useful metabolic function to these elements as they are available in large amounts in plant
Dormancy developed due to environmental factors are
Secondary or induced
Pyrolusite is a major source of
Manganese
Empirical formula of chlorophyll a
C₅₅H₇₂O₅N₄Mg
How many Calvin cycles are required to produce 1 molecule of glucose?
6
One turn of Calvin cycle fixs only one carbon (of the carbon dioxide). A molecule of glucose is made up of six carbon molecules. Therefore, six turns will be required for the synthesis of one molecule of glucose by Calvin cycle.
N% in thiourea
36.8%
The “Law of Minimum” was proposed by:
Leibeg
If one of the essential plant nutrients is deficient, plant growth will be poor even when all other essential nutrients are abundant.
Apical dominance is caused by
Auxin
Immobile nutrients in plants
Ca and B
Sand drawn disease in tobacco is due to
Mg deficiency
Equivalent acidity (meq/100g) of anhydrous ammonia is
148 meq/ 100g
Grey speck of oat is due to
Mn deficiency
Which nutrient is necessary for translocation of sugars and is involved in reproduction and germination of pollens?
Boron
Concentration of which nutrient increases in acidic soil?
Iron, manganese, copper, zinc and aluminium
Hen and chicken disease of grape is due to deficiency of
Boron
Which nutrient is essential for regulating the stomatal opening in plants?
Potassium (K)
The 17th element _____ was given by _______
Ni by Brown
Top sickness of tobacco is due to
Boron deficiency
Reclamation disease is due to deficiency of
Copper
Functional nutrient was proposed by
DJ Nicholas
Exxcess vegetative growth is due to higher application of
Nitrogen
Tourmaline is an important source of
Boron
Which element is a component of Vit B12?
Cobalt
Nitrogen percent in Kisan khad
26%
also known as Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)
Pollen sterility of wheat is due to
Boron deficiency
Increase in soil pH will increase availability of
B and Mo
Nutrient absorbed as both anion and cation
Nitrogen
Leaf area index was proposed by
Watson
Total leaf area per unit of ground area
1st gibberellin was
GA3
Emerson effect are associated with ________________
Photosynthesis
C3 cycle is also known as
Calvin cycle or light-independent or dark reaction
Pahala blight of sugar cane is due to the deficiency of
Mn deficiency
Brown heart in Turnip is a physiological disorder caused by deficiency of
Boron deficiency
Which fertilizer is least hygroscopic?
DAP
Photosystem- II mostly occurs in
Granal thylakoid
Abscisic acid is categorized as which category of Anti-transpirants?
Stomatal closing type
Bacteria responsible for nitrification
Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter
Each unit change in pH brings about the decrease in solubility of Fe3+ by ____ folds
1000
Which nitrogen fertilizer industrially made first?
Calcium nitrate
Photo respiration is also known as
Glycolate pathway is also known as the C2 cycle of photosynthesis or photorespiration or glycolate-glyoxylate metabolism
The energy falling in one minute on the surface of one square centimeter at the outer boundary of the atmosphere, held normal to the sunlight, at the mean distance of the earth from the sun is called
Solar constant
Unit of photo-synthetically active radiation is
Einstein
