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Vet assistant study > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Substances used by living cells for their vital functions

A

Nutrients

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2
Q

Compounds and food that are important and immediate source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

The nutrient that forms a large and essential portion of the body mass, comprising cell walls, membranes, connective tissue, muscles, hormones, and blood proteins

A

Protein

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4
Q

The liquid required by virtually all living creatures from any critical body functions

A

Water

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5
Q

Water insoluble substances that make up fats

A

Lipids

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6
Q

The breakdown of carbohydrates proteins and fats

A

Metabolism

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7
Q

Excessive water loss

A

Dehydration

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8
Q

A Monosaccharide or simple sugar; one of the most easily digestible carbohydrates

A

Glucose

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9
Q

A polysaccharide; also called an insoluble carbohydrate or fiber

A

Cellulose

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10
Q

Also known as the citric acid cycle summer: a series of reactions undergone by glucose that release its energy while converting it to carbon dioxide and water

A

Krebs cycle

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11
Q

A disease that occurs when carbohydrates don’t break down properly

A

Ketosis

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12
Q

Fat store in the body from excess carbohydrates

A

Glucogen

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13
Q

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that drives glucose into cells where it’s metabolized and used for energy

A

Insulin

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14
Q

Complex proteins that cause chemical reactions to occur in the body

A

Enzymes

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15
Q

Chemical compounds made of nitrogen plus carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, as well as other elements, link together in long chains

A

Amino acids

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16
Q

Naturally occurring compounds that aren’t animal or plant

A

Minerals

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17
Q

A disease in which bones are soft and deformed, resulting from a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus

A

Rickets

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18
Q

Those vitamins that can be dissolved by fat and stored in the intestine

A

Fat-soluble vitamins

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19
Q

Those vitamins that can be dissolved by water; they’re excreted daily through urine

A

Water soluble vitamins

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20
Q

Consist of minerals and vitamins that are needed in small amounts but are essential for good health, production, and reproduction

A

Micronutrients

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21
Q

When a mineral is lacking in the animals diet

A

Simple deficiency

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22
Q

When some other dietary factor makes a mineral less available to the animal

A

Conditioned deficiency

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23
Q

A substance that helps maintain the ph of body fluids by limiting acidity

A

Buffer

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24
Q

A need for a vitamin that the body does not manufacture

A

Dietary requirement

25
Q

A need for a vitamin that the body manufactures

A

Physiological requirement

26
Q

Activities within the body that build, maintain, and provide energy to an organism

A

Metabolic processes

27
Q

Species having only one stomach compartment

A

Monogastric

28
Q

The production of red blood cells

A

Erythopoiesis

29
Q

The sheath that surrounds and protects delicate nerve tissue

A

MYELIN

30
Q

Fats that are involved in the transport and oxidation of fatty acids in the liver

A

Phospholipids

31
Q

A type of continuous muscle spasm that results in limb rigidity

A

Tetany

32
Q

A physiological deficiency caused by the interplay of nitrogen and potassium, interfering with magnesium uptake and causing increased magnesium excretion

A

grass tetany

33
Q

A condition that occurs when animals are deprived of salt and then have access the salty water or loose salt without access to freshwater

A

Salt toxicity

34
Q

A condition that causes a life threatening shift in the acid base balance of the blood, caused by chlorine deficiency

A

Alkalosis

35
Q

Measures how well an animal likes a food, influenced through odor, temperature, texture, nutrients, and habit

A

palatability

36
Q

Whether or not an animal will ingest enough food to meet its caloric requirements

A

Acceptability

37
Q

The nutritional need of an animal

A

true appetite

38
Q

Previous experience with food, which may result to an aversion to it

A

Learned appetite

39
Q

Energy concentration in food

A

caloric density

40
Q

The intervals between the end of an antibiotic treatment and the use of a treated animal for meat or milk production

A

Withdrawl times

41
Q

Substances that produce swelling of the thyroid gland

A

Goitrogens

42
Q

Grazing foods

A

Forages

43
Q

Feeds used for monogastric species and nonruminant herbivores that are generally low fiber and high energy

A

Concentrates

44
Q

Feed that requires no supplementation other than drinking water; also known complete rations

A

Complete feed

45
Q

Grass or other plants cut-and-dried for fodder; it’s cut when green and allowed to dry to reduce the moisture content, preserve it, and prevent it from spoiling

A

Hay

46
Q

Hay harvested wet, allowed to wilt, and then placed in a silo to ferment

A

Haylage

47
Q

Green forage stored directly in a silo where it ferments; it contains more water than haylage

A

Silage

48
Q

The mixture of food stuffs supplying nourishment to an animal; also known as ration

A

Diet

49
Q

Food containing any poisonous, dangerous, putrid, filthy, decomposed, unsanitary, or diseased animal parts, or in a container of any poisonous or deleterious substances

A

Adulterated food

50
Q

A requirement on all feed packages that includes a list of nutrient ingredients

A

Guaranteed analysis

51
Q

Adding something to the whole diet to complete it, extend it, strengthen it, or make up for a deficiency

A

Supplementation

52
Q

Specific-purpose foods develop to meet differing requirements for growth, maintenance, gestation, lactation, work, old age and disease

A

Specialty feeds

53
Q

The minimum amount of energy an animals diet must provide

A

Basil energy requirement (BER)

54
Q

The good quality, complete and well balanced diet of an adult animal that is healthy, not pregnant, and not a working animal

A

Maintenance feeding

55
Q

Meet meal, meat and bone meal, and blood meal, used primarily to supplement carnivore and omnivore diets

A

Animal byproducts

56
Q

A mammal that digests plant based foods by softening them in the 1st compartment of its stomach, then regurgitating that plant matter (cud) and chewing it to further complete digestion

A

Ruminant

57
Q

Plants that inhibit iodine concentration in the thyroid

A

Goitrogenic

58
Q

Course, bulky feeds; largely indigestible material fed to species other than ruminants and horses

A

Roughage

59
Q

The weight of feed after it has been heated in a furnace to 500ﾟC or 600ﾟC

A

Ash

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