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Maternal and Child Health > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

How many adults are overweight or obese?

A

1.9 billion

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2
Q

How many adults are underweight?

A

462 million

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3
Q

What is wasting?

A

Low weight-for-height for children

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4
Q

What is stunting?

A

Low height-for-age for children

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5
Q

How many children under 5 are wasted or extremely wasted?

A

69 million

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6
Q

How many children under 5 are stunted?

A

155 million

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7
Q

What percentage of under 5 deaths are linked to undernutrition?

A

45%

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8
Q

What is in a typical rural LIC diet?

A

Starch rich, legumes with little vegetables/fruit and little animal foods

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9
Q

Diet quality in LIC diets?

A

Bulky, low nutrient-energy density, low biodiversity

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10
Q

What micronutrient deficiencies are common in LIC setting?

A

Vitamins (A, B, C, E) and minerals (iron, zinc, phosphorus)

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11
Q

What is food security?

A

When all people have reliable access to a sufficient amount of nutritious, safe and culturally appropriate food

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12
Q

What are some way to measure malnutrition?

A

BMI, Z-scores, upper-arm-circumference

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13
Q

What can infections lead to in terms of malnutrition?

A

Depress appetite, worse absorption of nutrients, increased metabolism - can lead to worsened malnutrition

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14
Q

What can low birth weight, suboptimal feeding, micronutrient deficiency and stunting/wasting lead to?

A

Higher morbidity/mortality, cognitive underdevelopment which will effect education and then income

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15
Q

What can iron and folic acid supplementation for pregnant and lactating mothers lead to?

A

Reduction of anemia and maternal mortality

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16
Q

What can inadequate dietary intake in mothers lead to?

A

Higher risk for mortality (both), low birth weight

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17
Q

For how long should the child solely breastfeed?

A

6 months

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18
Q

What can good breastfeeding lead to?

A

Protection to gastrointestinal infections and to good growth. Also less likely to be obese

19
Q

What is the vicious cycle of infection?

A

Infection leads to undernutrition which leads to higher risk of infections

20
Q

What is Mararmus?

A

Severe wasting, loss of muscle and fat. Na-K pumps impaired

21
Q

What is Kwashiokor?

A

Children 2-3 years with stunting and wasting - enlarged liver, infections

22
Q

What does Vitamin deficiency lead to?

A

Blindness in LMIC (night blindness), impaired infection resistance

23
Q

What is anaemia?

A

Lack of hemoglobin or red blood cells to transport oxygen

24
Q

What can cause anaemia?

A

Lack of iron, Vitamin A and folate. HIV as well

25
Q

What are symptoms of aenaemia?

A

Tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath

26
Q

What is Zinc good for?

A

Growth and immunity

27
Q

What can zinc deficiency lead to?

A

Increased risk for infectious diseases such as diarrhoea, ARIs and malaria

28
Q

What does iodine do in the body?

A

Component of thyroid hormones that control cellular metabolism

29
Q

What can iodine deficiency lead to (brain)?

A

Damage to brain and nervous tissue and then mental retardation and developmental abnormalities

30
Q

What other things can iodine deficiency lead to?

A

Goiter, cretenism and IQ-lowering

31
Q

What does nutritional transition mean?

A

existence of under- and over-nutrition

32
Q

What are the four dimensions of food security?

A

Availability, economic and physical access, utilisation, stability over time

33
Q

Why may climate change impact food security?

A

Plants will decrease in nutrition density, crops will die, weather events may create chaos

34
Q

What societal factors can affect diet adequacy in adolescent girls?

A

Body image, early marriage, eating disorders

35
Q

What can low serum cobalamin lead to?

A

Severe stunting

36
Q

What can be done to replete cobalamin status?

A

Supplementation through food

37
Q

Why is it better to treat malnourished children in communities instead of clinics?

A

Risk of infections at clinics and lack of resources

38
Q

What is done after clinical evaluation for malnourished children?

A

30 g test dose is given to see how they respond

39
Q

How is moderate malnutrition managed?

A

Adding nutrient rich foods to diet - fortified spreads

40
Q

How long is the recovery time for moderate malnutrition?

A

4-6 weeks

41
Q

How is uncomplicated severe malnutrition managed?

A

Ready to use therapeutic food

42
Q

How is complicated severe malnutrition managed?

A

Stabilised in an inpatient facility, small amount of liquids every 2 hours, F-75 therapy, then as someone with uncomplicated severe malnutrition

43
Q

What is children with severe malnutrition has sepsis?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics

Maternal and Child Health (4 decks)

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