Nutrition

Question 1

How many adults are overweight or obese?

Answer 1

1.9 billion

Question 2

How many adults are underweight?

Answer 2

462 million

Question 3

What is wasting?

Answer 3

Low weight-for-height for children

Question 4

What is stunting?

Answer 4

Low height-for-age for children

Question 5

How many children under 5 are wasted or extremely wasted?

Answer 5

69 million

Question 6

How many children under 5 are stunted?

Answer 6

155 million

Question 7

What percentage of under 5 deaths are linked to undernutrition?

Answer 7

45%

Question 8

What is in a typical rural LIC diet?

Answer 8

Starch rich, legumes with little vegetables/fruit and little animal foods

Question 9

Diet quality in LIC diets?

Answer 9

Bulky, low nutrient-energy density, low biodiversity

Question 10

What micronutrient deficiencies are common in LIC setting?

Answer 10

Vitamins (A, B, C, E) and minerals (iron, zinc, phosphorus)

Question 11

What is food security?

Answer 11

When all people have reliable access to a sufficient amount of nutritious, safe and culturally appropriate food

Question 12

What are some way to measure malnutrition?

Answer 12

BMI, Z-scores, upper-arm-circumference

Question 13

What can infections lead to in terms of malnutrition?

Answer 13

Depress appetite, worse absorption of nutrients, increased metabolism - can lead to worsened malnutrition

Question 14

What can low birth weight, suboptimal feeding, micronutrient deficiency and stunting/wasting lead to?

Answer 14

Higher morbidity/mortality, cognitive underdevelopment which will effect education and then income

Question 15

What can iron and folic acid supplementation for pregnant and lactating mothers lead to?

Answer 15

Reduction of anemia and maternal mortality

Question 16

What can inadequate dietary intake in mothers lead to?

Answer 16

Higher risk for mortality (both), low birth weight

Question 17

For how long should the child solely breastfeed?

Answer 17

6 months

Question 18

What can good breastfeeding lead to?

Answer 18

Protection to gastrointestinal infections and to good growth. Also less likely to be obese

Question 19

What is the vicious cycle of infection?

Answer 19

Infection leads to undernutrition which leads to higher risk of infections

Question 20

What is Mararmus?

Answer 20

Severe wasting, loss of muscle and fat. Na-K pumps impaired

Question 21

What is Kwashiokor?

Answer 21

Children 2-3 years with stunting and wasting - enlarged liver, infections

Question 22

What does Vitamin deficiency lead to?

Answer 22

Blindness in LMIC (night blindness), impaired infection resistance

Question 23

What is anaemia?

Answer 23

Lack of hemoglobin or red blood cells to transport oxygen

Question 24

What can cause anaemia?

Answer 24

Lack of iron, Vitamin A and folate. HIV as well

Question 25

What are symptoms of aenaemia?

Answer 25

Tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath

Question 26

What is Zinc good for?

Answer 26

Growth and immunity

Question 27

What can zinc deficiency lead to?

Answer 27

Increased risk for infectious diseases such as diarrhoea, ARIs and malaria

Question 28

What does iodine do in the body?

Answer 28

Component of thyroid hormones that control cellular metabolism

Question 29

What can iodine deficiency lead to (brain)?

Answer 29

Damage to brain and nervous tissue and then mental retardation and developmental abnormalities

Question 30

What other things can iodine deficiency lead to?

Answer 30

Goiter, cretenism and IQ-lowering

Question 31

What does nutritional transition mean?

Answer 31

existence of under- and over-nutrition

Question 32

What are the four dimensions of food security?

Answer 32

Availability, economic and physical access, utilisation, stability over time

Question 33

Why may climate change impact food security?

Answer 33

Plants will decrease in nutrition density, crops will die, weather events may create chaos

Question 34

What societal factors can affect diet adequacy in adolescent girls?

Answer 34

Body image, early marriage, eating disorders

Question 35

What can low serum cobalamin lead to?

Answer 35

Severe stunting

Question 36

What can be done to replete cobalamin status?

Answer 36

Supplementation through food

Question 37

Why is it better to treat malnourished children in communities instead of clinics?

Answer 37

Risk of infections at clinics and lack of resources

Question 38

What is done after clinical evaluation for malnourished children?

Answer 38

30 g test dose is given to see how they respond

Question 39

How is moderate malnutrition managed?

Answer 39

Adding nutrient rich foods to diet - fortified spreads

Question 40

How long is the recovery time for moderate malnutrition?

Answer 40

4-6 weeks

Question 41

How is uncomplicated severe malnutrition managed?

Answer 41

Ready to use therapeutic food

Question 42

How is complicated severe malnutrition managed?

Answer 42

Stabilised in an inpatient facility, small amount of liquids every 2 hours, F-75 therapy, then as someone with uncomplicated severe malnutrition

Question 43

What is children with severe malnutrition has sepsis?

Answer 43

Broad spectrum antibiotics