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Animal Science 1401 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Concentrates

A

HIGH in energy
LOW in fiber
HIGHLY digestible

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2
Q

Roughages

A

LOW in energy
HIGH in fiber
LESS digestible

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3
Q

Carbonaceous COncentrate

A

MAINLY for energy
We’re looking for a carbon Change
And to remove glucose
LOW in protein(not enough protein means it must be supplements by a second source of feed ingredients)
Cereal Grains such as corn (we feed grain for ENERGY)

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4
Q

Nitrogenous Concentrate

A

We want the added amount of protein that the animal is missing from the grains
HIGH in protein
Soybean meal, cottonseed meal(roughage) ,tankage, dairy products

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5
Q

Carbonaceous Roughage

A

LOW in protein ; Mature grass Hay, stover,mature grain slice

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6
Q

Nitrogenous Roughage

A

HIGH in protein ; Legume hay and silage, groaning pasture & silage

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7
Q

Nitrogenous Roughage

A
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8
Q

Grain Kernel Image
Germ-tells you what the seed is going to be, DNA

A
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9
Q

Ginning of Cotton, GIN trash

A

Ruminants can use this low quality roughages
CUbed Gin Trash
Strictly for producing energy

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10
Q

Pellets

A

Increase the actual use of the food youre purchasing
Movement and Storage
Increase dIgestability

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11
Q

Water

A

Die most quickly without it

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12
Q

Proteins

A

Supplements are expensive

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13
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Main energy Source

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14
Q

Lipids(Fats & Oils)

A

2.25 x energy

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15
Q

Vitamins

A

Organic catalyst

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16
Q

Minerals(ash).

A

Will not burn

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17
Q

Feed Additives

A

Growth stimulators

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18
Q

Feed 100%

A

Moisture 12%( enough for it to be palatable or too much can make it spoil)
Dry matter 88%

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19
Q

Dry matter 88%

A

Ash 5%
Organic matter 83%

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20
Q

Organic Matter(83%)

A

Protein 13%
Non-Protein Matter 70 %
How much is nitrogen and how much is protein

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21
Q

Non-protein matter (70%)

A

(EE) = Fat 4%
Carbohydrate 66%

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22
Q

Carbohydrate 66%

A

Crude fiber (10%)
NFE (56%)

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23
Q

Chart for Relative amounts of nutrients in textbook

A
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24
Q

Ca, P, Na, Cl, Mg,K, S

A

Macro-Needed in larger amounts

25
Q

Carnivores

A

Monogastric

26
Q

Omnivores(Both)

A

Monogastric

27
Q

Herbivores

A

Monogastric
AND
Ruminant

28
Q

Chewing and Contractions of GI Tract are _________ Forces

A

Mechanical

29
Q

G.I. TRACT PRODUCES MANY ENZYMES MICROORGANISMS DIGEST FEEDSTUFFS,
PARTICULARLY IN RUMINANTS are _______ Action

A

Enzymatic Action

30
Q

produced in the abomasum (stomach) breaks many chemical bonds

A

Hydrochloride acid

31
Q

How do we supply minerals to animals we are feeding?

A
32
Q

Monogastric Digestive Tract

A
33
Q

Does any digestion occur in the mouth ?

A

NOT MUCH,

34
Q

What food components are digested in the stomach ? (Abomasum)

A

Nothings absorbed but its churned up

35
Q

What are the main functions of the small intestines ?

A

Absorbing Nutrients
Permeable structure

36
Q

What are the main Functions of the large intestine ?

A

Water comes out

37
Q

– PRIMARILY ACIDS AND ENZYMES BREAK CHEMICAL BONDS AND REDUCE PARTICLE SIZE

A

Stomach, Abomasum

38
Q

TISSUE IS
ADAPTED TO ABSORB SMALL digested particles

A

Small Intestines

39
Q

Large intestine

A

Absorption of water

40
Q

Accumulation of solid waste

A

Rectum

41
Q

Ruminant stomach

A
42
Q

Why do cattle bloat most on the left side ?

A
43
Q

PRIMARILY
ACIDS AND ENZYMES BREAK
CHEMICAL BONDS AND REDUCE
PARTICLE SIZE

A

Stomach, Abomasum

44
Q

FERMENTATION VAT THAT CONTAINS THE BACTERIA WHICH UTILIZE THE CELLULOSE IN THE DIE

A

Rumen

45
Q

Aids in regurgitation of boluses

A

Reticulum

46
Q

aids in water reabsorption

A

Omasum

47
Q

Burping

A

THE RUMEN OFTEN IS CALLED A FERMENTATION VAT BECAUSE OF THE MILLIONS OF MICROBES AND OTHER ORGANISMS THAT RESIDE THERE
AND FERMENT THE FEEDS THE ANIMAL HAS EATEN
HESE FERMENTATION PROCESSES PRODUCE UCH GAS IN THE RUMEN & RETICULUM THA
ELIMINATED MOSTLY BY ERUCTATION THIS BURPING IS HINDERED BY FROTHING
R OTHER CAUSES, THE ANIMAL BLOAT

48
Q
A

Horse digestive System

49
Q

How long is the Gi T?

A

Chicken Digestive tracts
It’s 7ft long

50
Q

What temp is better for digestion?

A

Cooler Temp

51
Q

What rate of passage (speed) is better for digestion?

A

Slower is better

52
Q

Level of feeding best for Digestion

A

LOWER LEVEL MORE DIGESTION, BUT HIGHER % GOES TO MAINTENANCE

53
Q

Physical form needed for digestion

A

GRAINS NEED TO HAVE PERICARP BROKEN SO ENZYMES CAN ACT

54
Q

WHAT INCREASES DIGESTIBILITY?

A

HEATING

55
Q

WHAT CAN REDUCE UNDESIRABLE BUGS

A

ANTIBIOTICS

56
Q

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF FEED ADDITIVES

A

PROMOTE GROWTH, REDUCE TRESS, INCREASE PALATABILITY, ADD BULK
ND/OR PRESERVE OTHER FEEDS IN THE DIET

57
Q

GROWTH STIMULANTS

A

INCREASE GROWTH,
EED EFFICIENCY, AND LEAN MEAT YIEL

58
Q
A

REDUCE HEALTH PROBLEMS, INCREASE GROWTH RATE & FEED EFFICIENCY

59
Q

TOO MUCH USE OF _________ INCREASES THE RISK OF DEVELOPING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT STRAINS OF BACTERIA

A

TOO MUCH USE OF ANTIBIOTICS

Animal Science 1401 (8 decks)

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