Nutrition Flashcards
Concentrates
HIGH in energy
LOW in fiber
HIGHLY digestible
Roughages
LOW in energy
HIGH in fiber
LESS digestible
Carbonaceous COncentrate
MAINLY for energy
We’re looking for a carbon Change
And to remove glucose
LOW in protein(not enough protein means it must be supplements by a second source of feed ingredients)
Cereal Grains such as corn (we feed grain for ENERGY)
Nitrogenous Concentrate
We want the added amount of protein that the animal is missing from the grains
HIGH in protein
Soybean meal, cottonseed meal(roughage) ,tankage, dairy products
Carbonaceous Roughage
LOW in protein ; Mature grass Hay, stover,mature grain slice
Nitrogenous Roughage
HIGH in protein ; Legume hay and silage, groaning pasture & silage
Nitrogenous Roughage
Grain Kernel Image
Germ-tells you what the seed is going to be, DNA
Ginning of Cotton, GIN trash
Ruminants can use this low quality roughages
CUbed Gin Trash
Strictly for producing energy
Pellets
Increase the actual use of the food youre purchasing
Movement and Storage
Increase dIgestability
Water
Die most quickly without it
Proteins
Supplements are expensive
Carbohydrates
Main energy Source
Lipids(Fats & Oils)
2.25 x energy
Vitamins
Organic catalyst
Minerals(ash).
Will not burn
Feed Additives
Growth stimulators
Feed 100%
Moisture 12%( enough for it to be palatable or too much can make it spoil)
Dry matter 88%
Dry matter 88%
Ash 5%
Organic matter 83%
Organic Matter(83%)
Protein 13%
Non-Protein Matter 70 %
How much is nitrogen and how much is protein
Non-protein matter (70%)
(EE) = Fat 4%
Carbohydrate 66%
Carbohydrate 66%
Crude fiber (10%)
NFE (56%)
Chart for Relative amounts of nutrients in textbook
Ca, P, Na, Cl, Mg,K, S
Macro-Needed in larger amounts
Carnivores
Monogastric
Omnivores(Both)
Monogastric
Herbivores
Monogastric
AND
Ruminant
Chewing and Contractions of GI Tract are _________ Forces
Mechanical
G.I. TRACT PRODUCES MANY ENZYMES MICROORGANISMS DIGEST FEEDSTUFFS,
PARTICULARLY IN RUMINANTS are _______ Action
Enzymatic Action
produced in the abomasum (stomach) breaks many chemical bonds
Hydrochloride acid
How do we supply minerals to animals we are feeding?
Monogastric Digestive Tract
Does any digestion occur in the mouth ?
NOT MUCH,
What food components are digested in the stomach ? (Abomasum)
Nothings absorbed but its churned up
What are the main functions of the small intestines ?
Absorbing Nutrients
Permeable structure
What are the main Functions of the large intestine ?
Water comes out
– PRIMARILY ACIDS AND ENZYMES BREAK CHEMICAL BONDS AND REDUCE PARTICLE SIZE
Stomach, Abomasum
TISSUE IS
ADAPTED TO ABSORB SMALL digested particles
Small Intestines
Large intestine
Absorption of water
Accumulation of solid waste
Rectum
Ruminant stomach
Why do cattle bloat most on the left side ?
PRIMARILY
ACIDS AND ENZYMES BREAK
CHEMICAL BONDS AND REDUCE
PARTICLE SIZE
Stomach, Abomasum
FERMENTATION VAT THAT CONTAINS THE BACTERIA WHICH UTILIZE THE CELLULOSE IN THE DIE
Rumen
Aids in regurgitation of boluses
Reticulum
aids in water reabsorption
Omasum
Burping
THE RUMEN OFTEN IS CALLED A FERMENTATION VAT BECAUSE OF THE MILLIONS OF MICROBES AND OTHER ORGANISMS THAT RESIDE THERE
AND FERMENT THE FEEDS THE ANIMAL HAS EATEN
HESE FERMENTATION PROCESSES PRODUCE UCH GAS IN THE RUMEN & RETICULUM THA
ELIMINATED MOSTLY BY ERUCTATION THIS BURPING IS HINDERED BY FROTHING
R OTHER CAUSES, THE ANIMAL BLOAT
Horse digestive System
How long is the Gi T?
Chicken Digestive tracts
It’s 7ft long
What temp is better for digestion?
Cooler Temp
What rate of passage (speed) is better for digestion?
Slower is better
Level of feeding best for Digestion
LOWER LEVEL MORE DIGESTION, BUT HIGHER % GOES TO MAINTENANCE
Physical form needed for digestion
GRAINS NEED TO HAVE PERICARP BROKEN SO ENZYMES CAN ACT
WHAT INCREASES DIGESTIBILITY?
HEATING
WHAT CAN REDUCE UNDESIRABLE BUGS
ANTIBIOTICS
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF FEED ADDITIVES
PROMOTE GROWTH, REDUCE TRESS, INCREASE PALATABILITY, ADD BULK
ND/OR PRESERVE OTHER FEEDS IN THE DIET
GROWTH STIMULANTS
INCREASE GROWTH,
EED EFFICIENCY, AND LEAN MEAT YIEL
REDUCE HEALTH PROBLEMS, INCREASE GROWTH RATE & FEED EFFICIENCY
TOO MUCH USE OF _________ INCREASES THE RISK OF DEVELOPING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT STRAINS OF BACTERIA
TOO MUCH USE OF ANTIBIOTICS
