Beef Cattle Flashcards
Beef
Meat from cattle other than veal,and calves.
Veal
Meat from Veal calves
Calf
Meat from calves
Bovine
Cattle Species
British Breeds
Hereford,Angus, and Shorthorn are from great britain
Bull
Sexually mature
UNCASTRATED
bovine male
BULL CALF
Sexually Immature
Uncastrated
Bovine Male
Bullock
Young bull under 2 years old
Calf Crop
Calves produced by a herd of cattle in one SEASON
Cow
Sexually mature , bovine female
Dry Cow
Cow that is not producing Milk
European Breeds
Breeds Native to Continental Europe
Charolais,Simmental, and Limousin
First Calf
First calf born to bovine female
Freemartin
A sterile heifer born twin to a bull calf
90% will NOT conceive
Heifer
young female Bovine before the time she has produced her first calf
Heiferette
Female between 2 and 3 years of age that has calfed once
Steer
Male Bovine castrated BEFORE reaching puberty
Yearling
male or female between 1 or 2 years of age
“Short Yearling “ is 12 to 18 months of age
“Long Yearling” is 18 mo to 24 mo of age
Stocker Cattle
Weaned bovine stocked on pasture/crop residues or fed roughages ina drylot to put on cheap gainbefore being sold as feeder cattle
Feeder cattle
Bovine to be placed in a feedlot and fed a high concentrate diet
Slaughter Cattle
Bovine ready for slaughter to obtain meat and by-products
Stockers become feeders and feeders become slaughter
Veal
Meat from cattle when theyre slaughtered before 3 months
Zebu
Kind of cattle brahman breed were developed from
Originated in India
Shoulder hump, drooping ears, loose, pendulous dewlap
Angus
Scotland, Black & ALL Polled Carcass, Increasing Numbers
Good Mothers, Milkers
Most important and relevant breed in US
Contribute more marbling to calfs
Little white on them is normal but under body
Red Angus
Recessive Gene ( Red )
Breeds True
Separate Breed Association
Red is more tolerant to heat so the have an advantage on black angus
Certified Program : Tag in ear
Same marveling as black Angus/cattle
Hereford
Relevant British breed
Base foundation breed in US
Distinctivene Color Pattern
“Cattle that won the west “
From hereford-shire
Red with white belly’s , faces and sometimes tail.
Shorthorn
From Scotland and England
Shorter horns than most
May be polled but will defend just as well as a horned cow
Red, roan or white
Not one of the really important ones in the industry
White heifer disease
Feminine and Fertile, good milk production, good mothers
Galloway
Black dun or belted
From northern Scotland
Damp and cold shaggy anus
Tail is often fluffy on ends
RED
Light muscled & most are too fat
Red poll bull
Charolais
From France- European Breed
White to Yellow Breed
Good Growth Rate
Prefer polled catttle
Not as fertile or feminine/heavier birthing issues (originally ) Then best bet was combining w British breeds for best use of these cattle
Dystocia - Calving difficulty
Used in double muscling ;
Simmental
NO set color: pale to dark red
horned or polled
Pie rouge, German Simmental
Switzerland origination
Lg, muscular, good Miller, more fertile , may not have a calf each ear
Could be 6’4 and 300llbs and were too big to work in the beef industry
Limousin
From France
Smaller than charolais; but muscular
Golden color
Horned or polled
Similar to charolais in carcass traits
Chianina
From Italy
White w black points ; Most are black in US today
Horned or polled
Tallest
Many are light muscled and have temperament problems
Too large when they grade choice (meat industry)
Crossbreed
Maine Anjou
From France
Largest
Red, with white
Poor udders, low fertility
Grow Fast, lean carcass
Good sires for cross breeds
Golden color
Muscular
Dual purpose
Gelbvieh
Beef type, Switzerland
Brown Swiss
May have large impact on US beef production
Braunvieh
Pinzgauer
Germany Origin
Chestnut to dull black
Whites top and underline are common
Medium- large
An OK carcass
Feed Lot Operations
Finishing Phase; 600-850lb cattle are finished to market weight and condition in confinement
Dirt Lots, Dust Mud, more health issues
**Mass majority of slaughter cattle in the US are fed on grain feedlots before they are sent to slaughter
Yearling or Stocker Operators
Goal is to grow calves to heavier weights on low priced Forage before the calves enter the feedlot
Commercial Cow Calf Production
The Goal is to produce the heaviest calves possible with the least cost
Need to be able to manage forage
Produces calves that are sold at weaning to feedlots or stocker operators
Product: 6-10 mo 300-700lb, crossbred calves
Seed Stock Production
Goal is to produce breeding stock
Beef Seed Stock producers provide breeding stock to other seed stock producers and cow-calf producers
Location of Beef Industry
Cow calf Production is found in Every State
Location varys depending n availability of low cost forage.
Rain is an important factor
Found in grain producing areas of the country
** The southeastern region of the country has an abundance of grazing land and the advantages of mild winters and good rainfall that produce significant year- round grazing conditio
Buffalo ( Bison Bison)
Tough
Ornery
Adaptable
Nearly Extinct at one time
Native Americans Skinned Buffalo
Obtained Hides, Meat, tools
Europeans Killed ONLY for hides
Beefalo or Cattalo
CattlexBuffalo 3/8Bison 5/8cattle
Tough
Adaptable
Unruly
Can Live in harsh Conditions
Longhorn Cow
Longhorns at maturity
Bulls are good for breeding to 1st calf heifers
Little horns as calf’s
White backs and white tails
Costs more to get them to gain weight
Buy lower because less performance and return down the road
Longhorn Steers
Descended From cattle brought to america by spaniards
Tough adaptable any color, light muscle. Not very efficient for beef. Lack carcass value & not much meat to eat.
Longhorn Cow slide too
Helps first calf heifers have lighter calf
Know the genetics of hair coat color patterns for shorthorns
Shorthorn Roan
White Shorthorn
1950s shorthorn
Era of fat cattle
Needed fat to pull and do heavier things
Today we have a surplus
Hereford cow with crossbred calf
Momma passed on white face
Low milk
Rugged fertile
Cancer eye
Cancer eye
Pink eyed,
Sun damages the cells on the inside of the eye and the cancer/tumor grows and takes over eyes
breeders fixed by breeding with color around the eyes
Colonial Herefords
Red on the eyes and less white on the body
Mini Hereford
Show industry driven
Not relevant to industry
certified angus beef
Based Palability of meat
-Must be black
-No Ear ; No Brahman breeding in them
-at least 50% angus -provable
- a maturity - young
B maturity older
C maturity ordest
-Average choice
They remove factors that make meat not tender and palatable
Angus Early 50’s Champ
Low set
Blocky
Very Fat
High Grade
Angus
Genetics of Angus Coat
Red and red gets your red
two black can make a red angus because they had a red recessive gene
Black Baldy
Hereford Angus
Facial color of Hereford dominant
Positive maternal instinct
You can get a bBaldy out of a few different cross breeds
Galloway/Belted Galloway
Not really relevant anywhere
Scotch Highland bull
Not really relevant in industry; even in Scotland
Red Poll Bull
Have them dont need v many,not as relevant
South Devon Bull
Not v relevant
Murray Grey
Not in the US, not v relevant in the industry
Tarentaise
From France, Wheat color
Best in elevation
May be too fat and muscular
Belgian Blue & Belgian White
Extreme Double Muscling (BBlue)
Much Ground Beef Production
From Belgium
3% are white others are blue-gray or black and white
Most are double muscled
C-sections are required
Not practical for US
Piedmontese
NOt extreme like bBlue
From Italy
Most are double muscled
White with black markings
Braunvie
From Switzerland
beef type; Brown Swiss
May have large impact on US beef production in the future
Sealers
(SUh- Lair)
From France
Dark red to black
Long Hair
Horned or polled
American Breeds
MOST HAVE A BRAHMAN BASE
NOTE LARGER, DROOPING EARS OF THIS GRAY BRAHMAN
REMEMBER:
HEAT TOLERANCE & INSECT RESISTANCE
great in rough climate and environments
American Brahman
MOST HAVE A BRAHMAN BASE
NOTE LARGER, DROOPING EARS OF THIS GRAY BRAHMAN
REMEMBER:
HEAT TOLERANCE & INSECT RESISTANCE
Bos- Indigus
brahman Cow
BEST USE OF BREED IS IN THE CROSSBRED. MAKE HEAT TOLERANT MOTHER COWS IN SOUTH.
Great in rough climates and environments
Tiger Stripe Cows
Nellore
Guzerat
Gray, Indu-Brazil,
Nellore and red are registredby the internat
Indu- Brazil
Gray, guzerat, Indu-Brazil., Nellore and red are registered by the internet zebu breeders
Santa Gertrudis
Red horned polled
King Ranch
Low quality grade
Santa Cruz
King Ranch 1990
5/16 SHORTHORN 3/16 BRAHMAN 1/4 RED ANGUS 1/4 GELBVIEH
RED
BETTER CARCASS
5/8 ANGUS 3/8 BRAHMAN
EXTRA LOOSE SKIN - DEWLAP & SHEATH
MODIFIED HUMP
One of the better composites
Can be red depending on parent breeds
Gets the carcass from angus & gets heat tolerance from Brahman
Brangus
Brangus
Excellent moms
Markings
Hereford x Brahman
Braford
Any color
Brahman x shorthorn x brown Swiss Hereford
Size and growth rate are great but they have carcass issues
Beef master
Beefmaster
White,
horned
Better carcasses than brahman
Charbray
Charbray
