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Animal Science 1401 > Beef Cattle > Flashcards

Beef Cattle Flashcards

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1
Q

Beef

A

Meat from cattle other than veal,and calves.

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2
Q

Veal

A

Meat from Veal calves

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3
Q

Calf

A

Meat from calves

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4
Q

Bovine

A

Cattle Species

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5
Q

British Breeds

A

Hereford,Angus, and Shorthorn are from great britain

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6
Q

Bull

A

Sexually mature
UNCASTRATED
bovine male

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7
Q

BULL CALF

A

Sexually Immature
Uncastrated
Bovine Male

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8
Q

Bullock

A

Young bull under 2 years old

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9
Q

Calf Crop

A

Calves produced by a herd of cattle in one SEASON

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10
Q

Cow

A

Sexually mature , bovine female

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11
Q

Dry Cow

A

Cow that is not producing Milk

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12
Q

European Breeds

A

Breeds Native to Continental Europe
Charolais,Simmental, and Limousin

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13
Q

First Calf

A

First calf born to bovine female

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14
Q

Freemartin

A

A sterile heifer born twin to a bull calf
90% will NOT conceive

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15
Q

Heifer

A

young female Bovine before the time she has produced her first calf

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16
Q

Heiferette

A

Female between 2 and 3 years of age that has calfed once

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17
Q

Steer

A

Male Bovine castrated BEFORE reaching puberty

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18
Q

Yearling

A

male or female between 1 or 2 years of age
“Short Yearling “ is 12 to 18 months of age
“Long Yearling” is 18 mo to 24 mo of age

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19
Q

Stocker Cattle

A

Weaned bovine stocked on pasture/crop residues or fed roughages ina drylot to put on cheap gainbefore being sold as feeder cattle

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20
Q

Feeder cattle

A

Bovine to be placed in a feedlot and fed a high concentrate diet

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21
Q

Slaughter Cattle

A

Bovine ready for slaughter to obtain meat and by-products
Stockers become feeders and feeders become slaughter

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22
Q

Veal

A

Meat from cattle when theyre slaughtered before 3 months

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23
Q

Zebu

A

Kind of cattle brahman breed were developed from
Originated in India
Shoulder hump, drooping ears, loose, pendulous dewlap

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24
Q

Angus

A

Scotland, Black & ALL Polled Carcass, Increasing Numbers
Good Mothers, Milkers
Most important and relevant breed in US

Contribute more marbling to calfs

Little white on them is normal but under body

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25
Q

Red Angus

A

Recessive Gene ( Red )
Breeds True
Separate Breed Association
Red is more tolerant to heat so the have an advantage on black angus

Certified Program : Tag in ear
Same marveling as black Angus/cattle

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26
Q

Hereford

A

Relevant British breed
Base foundation breed in US
Distinctivene Color Pattern
“Cattle that won the west “
From hereford-shire

Red with white belly’s , faces and sometimes tail.

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27
Q

Shorthorn

A

From Scotland and England
Shorter horns than most
May be polled but will defend just as well as a horned cow
Red, roan or white
Not one of the really important ones in the industry
White heifer disease
Feminine and Fertile, good milk production, good mothers

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28
Q

Galloway

A

Black dun or belted
From northern Scotland
Damp and cold shaggy anus
Tail is often fluffy on ends

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29
Q

RED
Light muscled & most are too fat

A

Red poll bull

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30
Q

Charolais

A

From France- European Breed
White to Yellow Breed
Good Growth Rate
Prefer polled catttle
Not as fertile or feminine/heavier birthing issues (originally ) Then best bet was combining w British breeds for best use of these cattle
Dystocia - Calving difficulty
Used in double muscling ;

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31
Q

Simmental

A

NO set color: pale to dark red
horned or polled
Pie rouge, German Simmental
Switzerland origination
Lg, muscular, good Miller, more fertile , may not have a calf each ear
Could be 6’4 and 300llbs and were too big to work in the beef industry

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32
Q

Limousin

A

From France
Smaller than charolais; but muscular
Golden color
Horned or polled
Similar to charolais in carcass traits

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33
Q

Chianina

A

From Italy
White w black points ; Most are black in US today
Horned or polled
Tallest
Many are light muscled and have temperament problems
Too large when they grade choice (meat industry)
Crossbreed

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34
Q

Maine Anjou

A

From France
Largest
Red, with white
Poor udders, low fertility
Grow Fast, lean carcass
Good sires for cross breeds

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35
Q

Golden color
Muscular
Dual purpose

A

Gelbvieh

36
Q

Beef type, Switzerland
Brown Swiss
May have large impact on US beef production

A

Braunvieh

37
Q

Pinzgauer

A

Germany Origin
Chestnut to dull black
Whites top and underline are common
Medium- large
An OK carcass

38
Q

Feed Lot Operations

A

Finishing Phase; 600-850lb cattle are finished to market weight and condition in confinement
Dirt Lots, Dust Mud, more health issues

**Mass majority of slaughter cattle in the US are fed on grain feedlots before they are sent to slaughter

39
Q

Yearling or Stocker Operators

A

Goal is to grow calves to heavier weights on low priced Forage before the calves enter the feedlot

40
Q

Commercial Cow Calf Production

A

The Goal is to produce the heaviest calves possible with the least cost

Need to be able to manage forage

Produces calves that are sold at weaning to feedlots or stocker operators

Product: 6-10 mo 300-700lb, crossbred calves

41
Q

Seed Stock Production

A

Goal is to produce breeding stock

Beef Seed Stock producers provide breeding stock to other seed stock producers and cow-calf producers

42
Q

Location of Beef Industry

A

Cow calf Production is found in Every State
Location varys depending n availability of low cost forage.
Rain is an important factor
Found in grain producing areas of the country

** The southeastern region of the country has an abundance of grazing land and the advantages of mild winters and good rainfall that produce significant year- round grazing conditio

43
Q

Buffalo ( Bison Bison)

A

Tough
Ornery
Adaptable
Nearly Extinct at one time

Native Americans Skinned Buffalo
Obtained Hides, Meat, tools

Europeans Killed ONLY for hides

44
Q

Beefalo or Cattalo

A

CattlexBuffalo 3/8Bison 5/8cattle
Tough
Adaptable
Unruly
Can Live in harsh Conditions

45
Q

Longhorn Cow

A

Longhorns at maturity
Bulls are good for breeding to 1st calf heifers
Little horns as calf’s
White backs and white tails
Costs more to get them to gain weight
Buy lower because less performance and return down the road

46
Q

Longhorn Steers

A

Descended From cattle brought to america by spaniards
Tough adaptable any color, light muscle. Not very efficient for beef. Lack carcass value & not much meat to eat.
Longhorn Cow slide too
Helps first calf heifers have lighter calf

47
Q

Know the genetics of hair coat color patterns for shorthorns

A
48
Q
A

Shorthorn Roan

49
Q
A

White Shorthorn

50
Q
A

1950s shorthorn
Era of fat cattle
Needed fat to pull and do heavier things
Today we have a surplus

51
Q

Hereford cow with crossbred calf

A

Momma passed on white face
Low milk
Rugged fertile
Cancer eye

52
Q

Cancer eye

A

Pink eyed,
Sun damages the cells on the inside of the eye and the cancer/tumor grows and takes over eyes
breeders fixed by breeding with color around the eyes

53
Q
A

Colonial Herefords
Red on the eyes and less white on the body

54
Q

Mini Hereford

A

Show industry driven
Not relevant to industry

55
Q

certified angus beef

A

Based Palability of meat
-Must be black
-No Ear ; No Brahman breeding in them
-at least 50% angus -provable
- a maturity - young
B maturity older
C maturity ordest
-Average choice
They remove factors that make meat not tender and palatable

56
Q

Angus Early 50’s Champ
Low set
Blocky
Very Fat
High Grade

A
57
Q
A

Angus

58
Q
A

Genetics of Angus Coat
Red and red gets your red
two black can make a red angus because they had a red recessive gene

59
Q

Black Baldy

A

Hereford Angus
Facial color of Hereford dominant
Positive maternal instinct

You can get a bBaldy out of a few different cross breeds

60
Q

Galloway/Belted Galloway

A

Not really relevant anywhere

61
Q

Scotch Highland bull

A

Not really relevant in industry; even in Scotland

62
Q

Red Poll Bull

A

Have them dont need v many,not as relevant

63
Q

South Devon Bull

A

Not v relevant

64
Q

Murray Grey

A

Not in the US, not v relevant in the industry

65
Q

Tarentaise

A

From France, Wheat color
Best in elevation
May be too fat and muscular

66
Q

Belgian Blue & Belgian White

A

Extreme Double Muscling (BBlue)
Much Ground Beef Production
From Belgium
3% are white others are blue-gray or black and white
Most are double muscled
C-sections are required
Not practical for US

67
Q

Piedmontese

A

NOt extreme like bBlue
From Italy
Most are double muscled
White with black markings

68
Q
A

Braunvie
From Switzerland
beef type; Brown Swiss
May have large impact on US beef production in the future

69
Q

Sealers
(SUh- Lair)

A

From France
Dark red to black
Long Hair
Horned or polled

70
Q

American Breeds

A

MOST HAVE A BRAHMAN BASE
NOTE LARGER, DROOPING EARS OF THIS GRAY BRAHMAN
REMEMBER:
HEAT TOLERANCE & INSECT RESISTANCE
great in rough climate and environments

71
Q

American Brahman

A

MOST HAVE A BRAHMAN BASE
NOTE LARGER, DROOPING EARS OF THIS GRAY BRAHMAN
REMEMBER:
HEAT TOLERANCE & INSECT RESISTANCE
Bos- Indigus

72
Q

brahman Cow

A

BEST USE OF BREED IS IN THE CROSSBRED. MAKE HEAT TOLERANT MOTHER COWS IN SOUTH.
Great in rough climates and environments

73
Q

Tiger Stripe Cows

A
74
Q

Nellore

A
75
Q

Guzerat

A

Gray, Indu-Brazil,
Nellore and red are registredby the internat

76
Q

Indu- Brazil

A

Gray, guzerat, Indu-Brazil., Nellore and red are registered by the internet zebu breeders

77
Q

Santa Gertrudis

A

Red horned polled
King Ranch
Low quality grade

78
Q

Santa Cruz

A

King Ranch 1990
5/16 SHORTHORN 3/16 BRAHMAN 1/4 RED ANGUS 1/4 GELBVIEH
RED
BETTER CARCASS

79
Q

5/8 ANGUS 3/8 BRAHMAN
EXTRA LOOSE SKIN - DEWLAP & SHEATH
MODIFIED HUMP
One of the better composites
Can be red depending on parent breeds
Gets the carcass from angus & gets heat tolerance from Brahman

A

Brangus

80
Q
A

Brangus

81
Q

Excellent moms
Markings
Hereford x Brahman

A

Braford

82
Q

Any color
Brahman x shorthorn x brown Swiss Hereford
Size and growth rate are great but they have carcass issues

A

Beef master

83
Q
A

Beefmaster

84
Q

White,
horned
Better carcasses than brahman

A

Charbray

85
Q
A

Charbray

Animal Science 1401 (8 decks)

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