Nutrition

Question 1

What is retinol?

Answer 1

Vitamin A

Question 2

What does Vitamin A deficiency and excess result in?

Answer 2

Deficiency: Colour blindness

Excess: Exfoliation hepatitis

Question 3

What is the test for Vitamin A?

Answer 3

Serum VitA levels

Question 4

What is cholecalciferol?

Answer 4

Vitamin D

Question 5

What does Vitamin D deficiency and excess result in?

Answer 5

Deficiency: Osteomalacia/Rickets

Excess: Hypercalcaemia

Question 6

What is tocopherol?

Answer 6

Vitamin E

Question 7

What does Vitamin E deficiency result in?

Answer 7

Anaemia

Neuropathy

?Malignancy

IHD

Question 8

What is phytomenadione?

Answer 8

Vitamin K

Question 9

What does Vitamin K deficiency result in?

Answer 9

Defective clotting

Question 10

What are fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 10

A, D, E, K

Question 11

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 11

B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12

C Ascorbate

Question 12

What is Thiamine?

Answer 12

B1

Question 13

What is riboflavin?

Answer 13

B2

Question 14

What is niacin?

Answer 14

B3

Question 15

What is pyridoxine?

Answer 15

B6

Question 16

What is folate?

Answer 16

B9

Question 17

What is cobalamin?

Answer 17

B12

Question 18

What does B1 deficiency result in?

Answer 18

Beri-Beri Neuropathy

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

Question 19

What is the test for B1 levels?

Answer 19

RBC Transketolase

Question 20

What does B2 deficiency result in?

Answer 20

Glossitis?

Question 21

What is the test for B2 levels?

Answer 21

RBC Glutathione reductase

Question 22

What does B6 deficiency and excess result in?

Answer 22

Deficiency: Dermatitis, anaemia

Excess: Neuropathy

Question 23

What is the test for B6 levels?

Answer 23

RBC AST activation

Question 24

What does B12 deficiency result in?

Answer 24

Pernicious anaemia

Question 25

What is the test for B12 levels?

Answer 25

Serum B12

Question 26

What does C Ascorbic deficiency and excess result in?

Answer 26

Deficiency: Scurvy

Excess: Renal stones

Question 27

What does folate deficiency result in?

Answer 27

Megaloblastic anaemia

Neural tube defects

Question 28

What does niacin deficiency result in?

Answer 28

Pellagra

Question 29

Which minerals exist in trace amounts?

Answer 29

Iron

Iodine

Zinc

Copper

Fluoride

Question 30

What does iron deficiency and excess result in?

Answer 30

Deficiency: Hypochromic anaemia

Excess: Haemochromatosis

Question 31

What does iodine deficiency result in?

Answer 31

Goitre

Hypothyroidism

Question 32

What does zinc deficiency result in?

Answer 32

Dermatitis

Question 33

What does copper deficiency and excess?

Answer 33

Deficiency: Anaemia

Excess: Wilson’s

Question 34

What is the test for copper levels?

Answer 34

Cu

Caeroplasmin

Question 35

What does fluoride deficiency and excess?

Answer 35

Deficiency: Dental cavities

Excess: Flourosis

Question 36

What is the hip circumference leading to increased risk of CHD?

Answer 36

Men: >94cm

Women: >80cm

Question 37

What is the hip circumference leading to major risk of CHD?

Answer 37

> 102cm

> 88cm

Question 38

What is the utility of protein?

Answer 38

Indispensable: e.g. Leucine

“Conditionally” indispensable: e.g. Cysteine

Dispensable: e.g. Alanine

Question 39

What is the assessment of protein levels?

Answer 39

N excretion and balance

Tracer techniques

Question 40

How does protein energy malnutrition present?

Answer 40

Marasmus:

• Shrivelled
• Growth retarded
• Severe muscle wasting
• No s/c fat

Question 41

What is a severe form of malnutrition?

Answer 41

Kwashiorkor:

• Oedematous
• Scaling/ulcerated
• Lethargic
• Large liver, s/c fat
• Protein deficient