HIV in African Children Flashcards
How many children under the age of 15 have HIV?
3.3 million (3.0 – 3.7 million)
What proportion of people with HIV are children?
1 in 10 are children
What proportion of deaths in children are as a result of HIV?
HIV accounts for 35% of deaths in children < 5 yrs in S. Africa.
Trend however is towards increasing proportion of deaths in TEENAGERS with perinatally acquired HIV.
What are causes of HIV in children?
90% due to mother-to-child transmission.
But child sexual abuse or exchanging sex for food/shelter are significant risk factors for vulnerable children.
What is this?
A very common feature of HIV in African children - chronic bilateral parotid swelling, and molluscum..
What is this?
Dramatic lymphadenopathy - sign of immune activation following HIV infection - likely to be accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly and lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP).
What is this?
Skin rashes are common - this is a typical extensive folliculitic rash, but some of the lesions may be insect bites. Scabies can be extensive and atypical - in advanced HIV infection it may not be itchy, since this require a host response to the mite faeces.
What is this?
Oral candidiasis - may be associated with oesophageal candidiasis, resulting in pain on swallowing, poor feeding, weight loss.
What is this?
Severe dental caries and frequent upper respiratory tract infections are common.
What is this?
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis - also illustrating how impossible it is to distinguish this condition from TB radiologically.
What is this?
Clubbing - not seen with uncomplicated TB or LIP. Suggests bronchiectasis with chronic lower respiratory tract infection may have occurred in the wake of LIP.
What is this?
TB Spine - Pott’s Disease
What is this?
Primary varicella zoster infection (chicken pox) complicated by pneumonitis.
What is this?
More common manifestation of VZV infection = multidermatomal zoster (shingles).
What is this?
Molluscum contagiosum