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FINALS > NUTRIOBIOCHEM > Flashcards

NUTRIOBIOCHEM Flashcards

1
Q

Glycogenesis

A
  • Synthesis of Glycogen
  • Energy consuming pathway
  • Anabolic (requires energy input, ATP is broken down to ADP and Pi to release energy)
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2
Q

Glycogen is synthesized via ___________

A

Uridine diphosphate-glucose

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2
Q

UDP-glucose

A

Uridine diphosphate-glucose

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3
Q

Where does glycogenesis take place?

A

Liver and muscle

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4
Q

What is UDP-glucose

A
  • an activated nucleotide
  • attached to active glucose, hence also called the active form of glucose
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5
Q

Step 1 of glucogenesis and its enzyme `

A

Glucose-6-phosphate to Glucose-1-phosphate by the enzyme Phosphoglucomutase

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6
Q

A polymer of UDP-glucose combined together by alpha (1,4) glycosidic bonds

A

Glucosyl units

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7
Q

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of UDP-glucose to alpha (1,4) glucosyl units

A

Glycogen synthase

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8
Q

Main enzyme of glycogenesis, which is regulated and manipulate to regulate the rate of glycogenesis

A

Glycogen synthase

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9
Q

Discovered the Anabolism of carbohydrates

A

Luis Leloir

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10
Q

_______ is the activated form of glucose

A

UDP-glucose

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11
Q

UTP

A
  • Uridine Triphosphate
  • Similar to ATP
  • activates the UDP glucose
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12
Q

Activates the UDP glucose

A

UTP or uridine triphosphate

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13
Q

Catalyzes alpha 1,4 linkages

A

Glycogen synthase

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14
Q

Linear type of glycosidic bonds

A

Alpha-1,4 linkage

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Our body can recognize Beta linkages

A

False

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16
Q

adds UDP-glucose to the chain one at a time

A

Glycogen synthase

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17
Q

Before the Glycogen synthase can catalyze a reaction it needs ___________.

A

Primer

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18
Q

A primer of at least _____ units are required via ______

A

4 units, glycogenin

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19
Q

Needs a primer before it can catalyze a reaction

A

Glycogen synthase

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20
Q

Enzymes need for the formation of primer

A

glycogenin

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21
Q

Enzyme responsible for alpha-1,6 linkage formation

A

Glycogen Branching Enzymes

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21
Q

Enzyme responsible for alpha-1,6 linkage formation

A

Glycogen Branching Enzymes

21
Q

Enzyme responsible for alpha-1,6 linkage formation

A

Glycogen Branching Enzymes

22
Q

Enzyme responsible for alpha-1,6 linkage formation

A

Glycogen Branching Enzymes

23
Q

Branching type of Glycosidic Bonds

A

Alpha 1,6 linkage

24
Q

Insulin is _______ and Glucagon is ________

A

Anabolic, Catabolic

25
Q

When blood glucose are high, insulin activates ________

A

Protein phosphotase 1

26
Q

Protein phosphotase 1

A

Stimulates glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis)

27
Q

What regulates the blood glucose level in the liver

A

Glycogen metabolism

28
Q

Why is insulin Anabolic?

A

because it promotes glycogenesis

29
Q

Glycogen synthase is activated after

A

-postprandial/when glucose is added/after ingestion of carbohydrates

30
Q

The ENzyme responsible for glycogenesis

A

Glycogen synthase

31
Q

High Insulin

A
  • activates glycogen synthase
  • deactivates glycogen phosphorylase
32
Q

Glucagon stimulates _____

A
  • glycogen breakdown, usually in starved state
33
Q

Glucagon inhibits _______

A

glycogen synthesis

34
Q

Insulin stimulates ______

A

glycogen synthesis

35
Q

Insulin inhibits ______

A

glycogen breakdown

36
Q

major building block for the synthesis of triacylglycerols

A

Glycerol-3-phosphate

37
Q

Adipocytes lack ___

A

glycerol kinase

37
Q

Precursor for triacylglycerols synthesis in adipose tissues

A

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

38
Q

Fatty acid synthesis

A

when you produce Fatty acids

39
Q

Lipogenesis

A
  • combines fatty acid with glycerol
  • triacylglycerol synthesis
  • precursor is fatty acid synthesis
40
Q

Where does FA synthesis and Lipogenesis occur?

A

The cytoplasm of these tissues:
- Liver
Adipose
CNS
Lactating mammary gland

41
Q

couterpart of beta-oxidation

A

FA syntehsis

42
Q

pathway for FA synthesis

A

cytoplasm

43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Lipogenesis involves oxidation of NADPH

A

TRUE

44
Q

Multi-enzyme complex used by lipogenesis

A

fatty acid synthase

45
Q

fatty acid synthASE

A

multi-enzyme complex

46
Q

Acyl carrier proteins

A

Lipogenesis intermediates carrier

47
Q

Lipogenesis intermediates carrier

A

Acyl carrier proteins

48
Q

Acyl carrrier proteins

A

activated form of Fatty acids

49
Q

Activated from of FA

A

Acyl carrier protein

50
Q

Acetyl-coA in fat synthesis is temporarily bound to enzyme complex as _____

A

molonyl-coA

51
Q

first step of FA synthesis is

A

synthesismolonyl-coA of Malonyl coA

52
Q

citrate-malate-pyruvate shuttle

A

delivers acetyl CoA from mitchondrion to the cytosol

53
Q

delivers acetyl CoA from mitochondrion to the cytosol

A

citrate-malate-pyruvate shuttle

FINALS (2 decks)

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