NUTRIOBIOCHEM

Question 1

Glycogenesis

Answer 1

• Synthesis of Glycogen
• Energy consuming pathway
• Anabolic (requires energy input, ATP is broken down to ADP and Pi to release energy)

Question 2

Glycogen is synthesized via ___________

Answer 2

Uridine diphosphate-glucose

Question 2

UDP-glucose

Answer 2

Uridine diphosphate-glucose

Question 3

Where does glycogenesis take place?

Answer 3

Liver and muscle

Question 4

What is UDP-glucose

Answer 4

• an activated nucleotide
• attached to active glucose, hence also called the active form of glucose

Question 5

Step 1 of glucogenesis and its enzyme `

Answer 5

Glucose-6-phosphate to Glucose-1-phosphate by the enzyme Phosphoglucomutase

Question 6

A polymer of UDP-glucose combined together by alpha (1,4) glycosidic bonds

Answer 6

Glucosyl units

Question 7

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of UDP-glucose to alpha (1,4) glucosyl units

Answer 7

Glycogen synthase

Question 8

Main enzyme of glycogenesis, which is regulated and manipulate to regulate the rate of glycogenesis

Answer 8

Glycogen synthase

Question 9

Discovered the Anabolism of carbohydrates

Answer 9

Luis Leloir

Question 10

_______ is the activated form of glucose

Answer 10

UDP-glucose

Question 11

UTP

Answer 11

• Uridine Triphosphate
• Similar to ATP
• activates the UDP glucose

Question 12

Activates the UDP glucose

Answer 12

UTP or uridine triphosphate

Question 13

Catalyzes alpha 1,4 linkages

Answer 13

Glycogen synthase

Question 14

Linear type of glycosidic bonds

Answer 14

Alpha-1,4 linkage

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE
Our body can recognize Beta linkages

Answer 15

False

Question 16

adds UDP-glucose to the chain one at a time

Answer 16

Glycogen synthase

Question 17

Before the Glycogen synthase can catalyze a reaction it needs ___________.

Answer 17

Primer

Question 18

A primer of at least _____ units are required via ______

Answer 18

4 units, glycogenin

Question 19

Needs a primer before it can catalyze a reaction

Answer 19

Glycogen synthase

Question 20

Enzymes need for the formation of primer

Answer 20

glycogenin

Question 21

Enzyme responsible for alpha-1,6 linkage formation

Answer 21

Glycogen Branching Enzymes

Question 21

Enzyme responsible for alpha-1,6 linkage formation

Answer 21

Glycogen Branching Enzymes

Question 21

Enzyme responsible for alpha-1,6 linkage formation

Answer 21

Glycogen Branching Enzymes

Question 22

Enzyme responsible for alpha-1,6 linkage formation

Answer 22

Glycogen Branching Enzymes

Question 23

Branching type of Glycosidic Bonds

Answer 23

Alpha 1,6 linkage

Question 24

Insulin is _______ and Glucagon is ________

Answer 24

Anabolic, Catabolic

Question 25

When blood glucose are high, insulin activates ________

Answer 25

Protein phosphotase 1

Question 26

Protein phosphotase 1

Answer 26

Stimulates glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis)

Question 27

What regulates the blood glucose level in the liver

Answer 27

Glycogen metabolism

Question 28

Why is insulin Anabolic?

Answer 28

because it promotes glycogenesis

Question 29

Glycogen synthase is activated after

Answer 29

-postprandial/when glucose is added/after ingestion of carbohydrates

Question 30

The ENzyme responsible for glycogenesis

Answer 30

Glycogen synthase

Question 31

High Insulin

Answer 31

- activates glycogen synthase - deactivates glycogen phosphorylase

Question 32

Glucagon stimulates _____

Answer 32

- glycogen breakdown, usually in starved state

Question 33

Glucagon inhibits _______

Answer 33

glycogen synthesis

Question 34

Insulin stimulates ______

Answer 34

glycogen synthesis

Question 35

Insulin inhibits ______

Answer 35

glycogen breakdown

Question 36

major building block for the synthesis of triacylglycerols

Answer 36

Glycerol-3-phosphate

Question 37

Adipocytes lack ___

Answer 37

glycerol kinase

Question 37

Precursor for triacylglycerols synthesis in adipose tissues

Answer 37

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Question 38

Fatty acid synthesis

Answer 38

when you produce Fatty acids

Question 39

Lipogenesis

Answer 39

- combines fatty acid with glycerol - triacylglycerol synthesis - precursor is fatty acid synthesis

Question 40

Where does FA synthesis and Lipogenesis occur?

Answer 40

The cytoplasm of these tissues: - Liver Adipose CNS Lactating mammary gland

Question 41

couterpart of beta-oxidation

Answer 41

FA syntehsis

Question 42

pathway for FA synthesis

Answer 42

cytoplasm

Question 43

TRUE OR FALSE Lipogenesis involves oxidation of NADPH

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

Multi-enzyme complex used by lipogenesis

Answer 44

fatty acid synthase

Question 45

fatty acid synthASE

Answer 45

multi-enzyme complex

Question 46

Acyl carrier proteins

Answer 46

Lipogenesis intermediates carrier

Question 47

Lipogenesis intermediates carrier

Answer 47

Acyl carrier proteins

Question 48

Acyl carrrier proteins

Answer 48

activated form of Fatty acids

Question 49

Activated from of FA

Answer 49

Acyl carrier protein

Question 50

Acetyl-coA in fat synthesis is temporarily bound to enzyme complex as _____

Answer 50

molonyl-coA

Question 51

first step of FA synthesis is

Answer 51

synthesismolonyl-coA of Malonyl coA

Question 52

citrate-malate-pyruvate shuttle

Answer 52

delivers acetyl CoA from mitchondrion to the cytosol

Question 53

delivers acetyl CoA from mitochondrion to the cytosol

Answer 53

citrate-malate-pyruvate shuttle