Nutrients / The Digestive System Flashcards
What are nutrients?
Nutrients are important substances that your body needs to survive and stay healthy. There are different types of nutrients we get most of them from food.
Name 7 types of nutrients and what they do
- Carbohydrates. Which provide energy.
- Lipids. (Fats and oils.) which provide energy.
- Proteins which are used for growth and repair.
- Vitamins. Which keep you healthy.
- Minerals. which keep you healthy.
- Water. Which is needed in all cells and body fluids.
- Dietary fibre which provides bulk to food to keep it moving through the gut. Fibre is not really nutrient, but it is important for a healthy diet.
What are carbohydrates?
There are two types of carbohydrate:
-Simple carbohydrates (sugars): these are found in foods such as sugar and fruit. They provide a quick source of energy.
- Complex carbohydrates (starch): these are found in foods such as pasta and bread. They have to be broken down by the body so the energy is released more slowly.
What are lipids?
Lipids include fats and oils. They have 3 mportant jobs.
- Provide you with a store of energy.
- Keep you warm, by providing a layer of insulation under your skin.
- Protect your organs like your kidneys and heart from damage.
What are proteins?
Proteins are needed to repair your body tissues and make new cells for growth. Muscles, organs and immune system are mostly made of protein.
What are vitamins and minerals?
this vitamins and minerals are essential substances for keeping you healthy but you only need tiny amounts. Vitamins are needed for you to grow development function normally. Fruits and vegetables are good source of vitamins and minerals
State the function of vitamin A
Vitamin A is needed for good eyesight
state the function of vitamin D
Vitamin D is needed with the mineral calcium to maintain healthy teeth and bones.
State the function of iron
Iron is a minimum which is important making red blood cells.
What is dietary fibre?
Dietary fibre is the parts of plants that the body cannot break down. It is an important part of your day as I spoke to your food. It helps move food through and when waste is pushed out of the body it goes more easily. It helps prevent constipation.
What is the digestive system?
The digestive system is a group of organs that work together to break down food. The nutrients in most of the food you eat are large molecules like leopards and proteins. During digestion these large molecules are broken down into small molecules of nutrients.
What is the order of the digestive system
Mouth ➡️ gullet / oesophagus ➡️ stomach ➡️ small intestine ➡️ large intestine ➡️ rectum ➡️ anus
How does your food move through the digestive system?
Fibro your food isn’t digested, but it adds bulk to the food. Muscles push against this forcing food along with the gut eating lots of fibre foods such as vegetables in wholemeal bread helps prevent prevents constipation.
What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a biological catalyst/a chemical that speeds up a reaction.
What is an Amylase ?
An enzyme that turns starch into sugar
What is a protease?
