Nutrients, Minerals, Protein and Carbohydrates Flashcards
State the two main groups of micronutrients
vitamins, minerals and trace elements.
State requirements for each micronutrient,
according to their
Age, gender, and physiological state (e.g. pregnancy).
State the groups vitamins are classified as.
Fat-soluble vitamins (A vitamin that can dissolve in fats and oils.)
Water-soluble vitamins.(Dissolve in water upon entering the body)
State the group of fat-soluble vitamins.
Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body, i.e. vitamins A, D, E and K.
State the definition of water-soluble vitamins and give an example.
Water-soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the body and are therefore required daily, i.e. B vitamins and vitamin C.
Summarisation of minerals
- Inorganic substances
- Referred to as elements
- Consumed in small amounts
- Some minerals should be consumed in larger amounts, smaller consumed
- Minerals are called trace elements
Summarisation of Carbohydrates
- Classified as a macronutrient
- Produced by green plants
State the two main groups of Carbohydrates
Sweet tasting sugars:
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
Non-sweet tasting sugars:
- Polysaccharides
State the categories of monosaccharides
Fructose, Glucose and Galactose
State the categories of Disaccharides
Maltose, Sucrose and Lactose
State the categories of polysaccharides
Starch, Pectin, Dextrin and Dietary Fibre/non-starch polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)
Summarise proteins
- Helps body grow and repair itself
Forms structural and functional elements of body cells - Growth in muscle mass and the maintenance of muscle mass and normal bones;
- Involved in various metabolic reactions, including signalling functions
- 1 gram of protein provides 4kcal/17kJ
State LBV (low biological value) protein sources.
- Soya
- Nuts
- Seeds
- Pulses e.g. beans and lentils
- Mycoprotein
State HBV (high biological value) protein sources.
- Meat
- Poultry
- Fish
- Eggs
- Milk
- Dairy foods
Summarise Amino acids
- Protein is made up of building blocks called amino acids.
- 20 different types of amino acids, 8 of these are called essential amino acids (essential amino acids cannot be made from the human body).
