Nutrients And Gas Requirments-Iq:1

Question 1

Respiratory system enables

Answer 1

The gas exchange between organisms and it’s environment

Question 2

Gas exchange surfaces

Large SA

Answer 2

• enhanced by folding,branching/flattening

- faster rate of infusion

Question 3

Moist, thin surfaces

Answer 3

• dissolved gases for easier diffusion

- decreases distance that gases have to travel

Question 4

Alveoli

Answer 4

Gaseous exchange surfaces located in the lungs.
Air sac that is connected to external environment
Surround by capillaries

Question 5

Gills

Answer 5

Gills can extract maximum possible amount of O2 from water
Water flows in 1 direction over gills
Gas exchange occurs at gills

Question 6

Spiracles

Answer 6

Breathing pores
Take in and expel air
Have valves

Question 7

Tracheal tubes

Answer 7

Branching air tubes

Branch into tracheoles

Question 8

Tracheoles

Answer 8

Very large surface area
Bring air directly to and from cells
Fluid in tracheoles transport gases

Question 9

Digestion

Answer 9

Breaking down of large, complex food particles into smaller particles for easier absorption

Question 10

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 10

• physical breakdown
• starts with teeth.
• stomach churns
• aim is to start breaking food into smaller pieces to increase SA to aid chemical digestion

Question 11

Chemical digestion

Answer 11

Using digestive enzymes to breakdown large complex molecule to smaller, simpler molecules
Starts with saliva

Question 12

Mouth

Answer 12

Mechanical digestion by teeth
Chemical digestion of CHO by amylase(enzyme)
Tongue forms bolus( mixture of chewed food and saliva)

Question 13

Oesophagus

Answer 13

Muscular contractions move bolus down oesophagus

Chemical digestion of CHO by amylase still occurring.

Question 14

Stomach

Answer 14

Movement of substances in and out of stomach is controlled
Relaxation and contraction of walls continue mechanical digestion
Bolus combines with gastric juices to form chyme.

Question 15

Bolus

Answer 15

Chewed food and saliva

Question 16

Chyme

Answer 16

Bolus combined with stomach juices

Question 17

Small intestine

What are the three main regines

Answer 17

• duodenum(start)
• jejunum(middle)
• ileum( end)

Question 18

Duodenum

Answer 18

Release of pancreatic juices and bicarbonate ions

Bile released to emulsify fats into smaller particles

Question 19

Bile

Answer 19

Produced by liver, stored in gall bladder

Question 20

Why does mucus line the walls of our stomach?

Answer 20

Prevents acidic conditions from eating away the walls

Question 21

Pepsinogen concerted into pepsin

Answer 21

Breaks down large proteins into short chained peptides

Breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides

Question 22

Peptides

Answer 22

a compound consisting of two or more amino acids linked in a chain, the carboxyl group of each acid being joined to the amino group of the next by a bond of the type

Question 23

Pepsinogen

Answer 23

A substance which is secreted by the stomach wall and converted into the enzyme pepsin by gastric acid.

Question 24

Jejunum

Answer 24

Most absorption occurs
Absorption occurs by diffusion and active transport
Walls lined with villi that are very close to capillaries

Question 25

Villi

Answer 25

any of the fingerlike or threadlike projections from the surface of certain membranous structures, typically serving to increase surface area and facilitate the passage of fluid or nutrients.

Question 26

Capillaries

Answer 26

Capillaries are tiny blood-containing structures that connect arterioles to venules. They are the smallest and most abundant form of a blood vessel in the body. Capillaries are small enough to penetrate body tissues, allowing oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to be exchanged between tissues and the blood.

Question 27

Liver

Answer 27

Absorbed digested food in blood moved to liver
Keeps sugars, glycogen, protein levels balanced
Detoxifies blood

Question 28

Large intestine

Answer 28

Contains undigested material

There are two sections- colon and rectum

Question 29

Colon

Answer 29

Water, salts and vitamins A,K absorbed back into blood stream.

Question 30

Rectum

Answer 30

Faeces moves into rectum for egestion