First Module Flashcards
Prokaryotes
All prokaryotes are unicellular or single-celled organism is. Some may live in colonies or as long filaments. They do not have a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles.
They are filled with cytoplasm and are enclosed by a cell envelope which consists of a cell membrane and a cell wall
Membrane bound
Organelles are surrounded by a plasma membrane to keep their internal fluids seperate from the cytoplasm of the rest of the cell.
Cytoplasm
A thick jelly like cell substance made mostly of water, salts and proteins.
Cell membrane
The semi permeable membrane surrounding the cell and enclosing the cytoplasm
Cell wall
A structural layer around some types of cells.
Provides protection as well as structure
Nucleoid
(Means nucleus-like) The control region of the prokaryote cell where the genetic material is. No membrane around it.
Plasmid
Small extrachromosomal DNA structure, usually circular
Found in the cytoplasm. Can help bacteria with antibiotic resistance.
Ribosomes
Minute particles found in the cytoplasm of cells. They make proteins in the cell for processes and fixing damage.
Capsule
Structure around the outside of the cell. Can help protect from destruction or ingestion by white blood cells.
Flagella
Microscopic whip-like appendage that enables movement.
Fimbriae
Thread like projections on the outside of the cell
Pili
Short hair like structures on the outside of the cell. Used for movement or sticking to other objects.
Mitochondria
Generate energy for the cell and store it in a form called ATP ready to be used
Chloroplast
Where photosynthesis occurs for plants, where light energy is converted to chemical energy.
Endoplasmic reticulum.
A network of tubules in the cytoplasm, attached to the nucleus. It is responsible for protein and lipid production
