Nutrients Flashcards
Vitamin C function
- antioxidant
- protein/NT metabolism
- absorption of non-iron heme
Post-translational stages of collagen synthesis
Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy -poor wound healing bleeding gums perifollicular hyperkeratosis petechial hemorrhage coiled hair
Tooth loss Impaired bone growth/bowing Impaired bone healing CNS Infection
Risk fx vitamin C deficiency
intestinal disease
malabsorption
EtOH
Vitamin C toxicities
bloating
diarrhea
Enhanced iron absorption
inc risk of oxalate kidney stones
Risk fx vitamin C toxicity
supplement use
fortified diets
Thiamine B1 function
Cofactor for many enzymes:
- transketolase (PPP)
- pyruvate DH (lactate)
- synthesis of Ach, GABA
Thiamine deficiency
Beriberi
- peripheral neuropathy
- HF/edema
Wernicke Korsakoff
- progressive CNS disorder
- ataxia
- confusion
- amnesia
- confabulation
Risk fx for thiamine deficiency
alcohol use,
persistent vomiting, GI disease, HIV/AIDS, refeeding syndrome, hyperemesis gravidarum
Niacin (B3) function
Synthesis of NAD and NADP
Niacin (B3) deficiency
Pellagra (4 D’s)
- dermatitis
- diarrhea
- dementia
- death
Risk fx for Niacin deficiency
lower SES, primarily corn diet
- malabsorption
- Hartnup’s (AR, tryptophan transport)
- carcinoid tumor
Niacin toxicity
flushing
high doses
- GI symptoms heartburn, nausea, vomiting.
- Hepatotoxicity.
- Hyperuricemia and gout (niacin competes with uric acid for excretion).
- Dec insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance.
Folate function
- nucleotide synthesis
- methylation
Folate deficiency
pregnancy: neural tube defects
- megaloblastic anemia, dec regen of tissue
Risk fx of Folate deficiency
- generalized poor diet via illness/limited food ability
- EtOH use
- malabsorption disorders
- anticonvulsant drugs
Risk fx of Folate toxicity
upper limit is based on amount of folic acid likely to mask macrocytic anemia occurring due to vitamin B12 defciency
Vitamin B12 function
Cofactor of
- homocysteine –> methionine
- methylmalonyl CoA –> sucCoA
B12 deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia, neuropathies, changed mental status, glossitis, diarrhea and malabsorption
Risk fx of B12 deficiency
- vegans
- decreased IF
- bacterial overgrowth consuming B12
- impaired ileal absorption
- pernicious anemia