Nutrients

Question 1

What does 1 calorie equal in kJ?

Answer 1

4.184 kJ

Question 2

What is the difference between fat and water soluble vitamins?

Answer 2

Fat = can be stored by the body
Water = not stored in body, excess is secreted via kidneys

Question 3

Compare saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 3

Saturated fats are solid at room temp eg butter, unsaturated are liquid at room temp eg oil

Question 4

Why would one want to hydrogenate an unsaturated fat?

Answer 4

They don’t spoil as quickly and increases shelf life. It becomes a trans fatty acid!

Question 5

How much energy does alcohol contribute? Is it energy yielding?

Answer 5

It contributes 29kJ per gram. No, as it inhibits maintenance, growth, and repair!

Question 6

Name the 3 levels of the sugar make up of carbohydrates and list an example of each!

Answer 6

Monosaccharides - glucose, fructose
Disaccharides - sucrose, lactose
Polysaccharides or oligosaccharides - starch, glycogen

Question 7

Describe the role of antioxidants

Answer 7

Help to prevent and repair damage to cell functions. Cannot be produced by the body

Question 8

Describe the main role of plant sterols

Answer 8

Inhibits cholesterol absorption in humans

Question 9

What do flavonoids do?

Answer 9

They act as antioxidants and reduce inflammation. Found in cocoa, blueberries, grapes and tea

Question 10

Name and describe the 3 types of lipids

Answer 10

Triglycerides - fats and oils
Phospholipids - soy, milk
Sterols - animal or plant, eg egg yolk or nuts and seeds

Question 11

What are the 14 essential vitamins

Answer 11

A, B1, B2 B3 B4 B12 C D E K Choline, Pantothenic Acid, biotin, folate

Question 12

What are the benefits of flavonoids?

Answer 12

Act as antioxidants and increase anti inflammatory effects

Question 13

What is a flavonoid?

Answer 13

A group of phytonutrients (plant chemicals) found in almost all fruit and veg. Powerful antioxidant!