Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Nutrition May 2017 > Nutrients > Flashcards

Nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrition is the process by which an animal takes in and assimilates feed components for:

A. growth promotion 
B. milk/fibre production 
C. replacing tissue 
D. all of the above 
E. none of the above
A

D. All of the above:

growth promotion, fibre/milk production and replacing tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the different types of nutrients?

A 
Carbohydrates
Protein 
Lipids
Minerals
Vitamins 
Water 
Dietary energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What nutrient is the primary component in livestock feeds?

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the different types of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharide (1 sugar): fructose/glucose/galactose/mannose

Disaccharide (2 sugar):
Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose

Polysaccharide ( >2 sugar):
cellulose, glycogen, starch, gums, and hemicellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What nutrient (other than water) has the highest concentration in living organisms?

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some of the functions of proteins?

A 
protecting the body (hair, skin) 
food digestion (enzymes) 
stimulate growth (hormones) 
immune reactions (immunoglobulins)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What amino acids are commonly deficient in cereals/grains?

A

Lysine, Methionine, and Tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

PVT TIM T. HALL

A

Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine and Taurine (cats)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What essential amino acid is important in cats?

A

Taurine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following is a non-essential amino acid?

A. Glycine
B. Tryptophan
C. Valine
D. Histidine
E. Arginine
A

A. Glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are lipids?

A

organic compounds that are soluble in organic solvents but not soluble in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main role of lipids?

A

concentrated storage of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A

A fatty acid in which all C bonds are taken by H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What makes an essential fatty acid?

A

FA that an animal cannot synthesize but which is required in the diet.

ie. Linoleic and Linolenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what % of the monogastrics diet are essential-FA?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are common gross features of lipid deficiency and what animals is this most common in?

A

Scaly skin, necrosis of the tail and poor feathering.

Commonly seen in poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What constitutes a mineral?

A

solid, crystalline element that cannot be broken down or synthesized by chemical reactions.
Inorganic components of the diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the common Macro-minerals?

Salty Potato Chips Contain Pretty Much Salt

A 
Sulphur
Phosphorus 
Calcium 
Chlorine
Potassium 
Magnesium 
Sodium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the ash content of beef cattle carcass?

A 
3.5%
   46% Ca
    29% P
    24% K, S, Na, Cl, Mg
    0.3% trace minerals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
What are the common mineral deficiencies in the following: 
Sheep 
Piglets 
Grown Pigs 
Goats 
Chickens
A

Sheep: Cobalt
Piglets: Iron
Grown Pigs: Selenium
Goats & Chickens: Zinc

21
Q

Which of the following is not a water soluble vitamin?

A. Vit C
B. Thiamin (B1)
C. Niacin (B6)
D. Vit D

A

D. Vit D

22
Q

Which of the following is not a B vit?

A. Niacin
B. Riboflavin
C. Ascorbic Acid
D. Thiamin

A

C. Ascorbic acid

Niacin- B6
Riboflavin- B2
Thiamin- B1
B12

All are water soluble vitamins

23
Q

What are the Fat-soluble vitamins?

A

Vit A- retinoic Acid
Vit D
Vit E- Alpha-tocopherol
Vit K

24
Q

Where are most vitamins stored in the body?

A

Liver.

smaller amounts are stored in the kidney and spleen

25
Q

T/F: vitamin are bound to specific proteins

A

True

26
Q

What are some common signs of vitamin deficiencies?

A

anorexia, stunted growth, dermatitis, ataxia, weakness

27
Q

What deficiency accounts for encephalomalacia in chicks aka crazy chick disease?

A

Vit E

28
Q

What are the clinical signs of vit B6 (niacin) deficiency in chickens?

A

edema of the eyelids, rough deficient plumage, weakness and incoordination

29
Q

What vitamin is deficient in rickets?

A

Vit D

30
Q

What clinical sign(s) are seen in chickens with B2 (riboflavin) deficiency?

A

curled toes

31
Q

What vit deficiency causes goose-stepping in pigs?

A

Vit B5 (pantothenic acid)

32
Q

what nutrient is required in the highest amount in animal diets?

A

Dietary energy

33
Q

what is the most important source of energy?

A

Carbohydrates

34
Q

What is energy?

A

the capacity to do work

35
Q

How do you determine digestible energy? Metabolizable energy?

A

DE = GE feed - GE feces

ME = DE - GE (urine + gases)

36
Q

Which nutrient is not considered when formulating rations?

A

Water

37
Q

what is the opposite of dry matter?

A

Moisture content

38
Q

How is crude protein estimated?

A

the Kjeldahl method measures nitrogen content. It does not determine/distinguish between sources of nitrogen

39
Q

What is one drawback to the Kjeldahl method?

A

it gives false results for feedstuffs that have high N content, but no protein, such as Feed Grade Urea

40
Q

What does ether extract determine?

A

Crude Fat

Quantitative test

41
Q

How would you determine the fatty acid composition?

A

gas chromatography mass spectrometry

42
Q

Which of the following is not included in Crude fiber?

A. hemicellulose
B. Xylans
C. Lignin
D. fibrous carbohydrates 
E. all of the above
A

E. all of the above

43
Q

What is NFE? How is it calculated?

A

Nitrogen-free Extract
estimation of readily available carbohydrates

NFE= 100 - (CP+CF+ Crude Fat+ Ash)

44
Q

What is the difference between Neutral-Detergent Fiber and Acid detergent fiber?

A

NDF is the structural component of the plant (cell wall) and is a predictor of voluntary intake. Low NDF values are desired

ADF is the least digestible plant components (cellulose and lignin) and is inversely related to digestibility. Low ADF values are desired

45
Q

Ash determines

a. Protein content
b. Lipid content
c. Fiber content
d. Specific mineral content
e. None of the above

A

E. None of the above

Ash determines the total amount of inorganic minerals.

46
Q

What is the essential Amino Acid for cats?

a. Alanine
b. Taurine
c. Serine
d. Glycine

A

B. Taurine

47
Q

Identify the non-essential Amino Acid

a. Arginine
b. Histidine
c. Tryptophan
d. Valine
e. None of the Above

A

E. None of the Above

48
Q

Which is the saturated fatty acid?

a. Acetic
b. Oleic
c. Linoleic

A

A. Acetic

49
Q

What is the mineral in higher content in Beef cattle ash?

a. K
b. P
c. Mo
d. Zn
e. Ca

A

E. Ca

RUSVM Nutrition May 2017 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions