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RUSVM Nutrition May 2017 > Feedstuff > Flashcards

Feedstuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is feedstuff?

A

Component of a diet that provides a source of one or more nutrients (energy, protein, minerals or vitamins) required by an animal.

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2
Q

What are the categories of feedstuff? (8 total)

A
  1. roughages
  2. pasture, range plants and plants fed green
  3. silages and haylages
  4. energy feeds
  5. protein supplements
  6. mineral supplements
  7. vitamin supplements
  8. non-nutritive additives
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3
Q

Select the most used cereal in poultry feeding

a. Wheat
b. Maize/Corn
c. Barley
d. Oats
e. Millet

A

B. Maize/Corn

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4
Q

Select the Tropical grass species?

a. Bermuda grass
b. Ryegrass

A

A. Bermuda grass

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5
Q

Which grass is associated with ergot type alkaloid contamination?

a. Bermuda grass
b. Ryegrass
c. Fescue
d. Broome grass

A

C. fescue

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6
Q

Which legume is associated with photosensitization in horses?

a. Sweet clover
b. Red clover
c. Alsike clover
d. White clover
e. All of the Above
f. None of the Above

A

C. Alsike clover

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7
Q

Which roughage would have the highest CP content?

a. Tree branches
b. Corn Silage
c. Wheat Straw
d. Grass hay
e. Alfalfa silage

A

E. Alfalfa silage

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8
Q

Which cereal would have the highest energy content?

a. Barley
b. Wheat
c. Corn
d. Sorghum
e. All similar

A

C. Corn

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9
Q

What is the most important protein source in turkey feeding?

a. Soybean meal
b. Cotton seed meal
c. Canola meal

A

A. soybean meal

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10
Q

Which protein supplement is associated to gossypol?

a. Soybean meal
b. Canola meal
c. Sunflower meal
d. Cotton seed meal

A

D. Cottonseed meal

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11
Q

Peanut meal has relatively high contents of Lysine.

a. True
b. False

A

B. false

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12
Q

Select a good source of calcium. (Most appropriate answer)

a. Limestone
b. Oystershell
c. Dicalcium phosphate
d. All of the Above
e. None of the Above

A

D. All of the above

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13
Q

Plant materials primarily provide what nutrient?

A

dietary carbohydrates

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14
Q

what is the difference between a forage and a roughage?

A

Forage- total plant material to be consumed by the animal

Roughage- dietary components that re high in fiber

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15
Q

T/F: Roughages require the action of microbial digestion in the GI tract

A

True

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16
Q

T/F: roughages are normally high in available carbohydrates compared to cereals.

A

False

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17
Q

What are the categories of herbages?

A

Grasses
Legumes
Forbs
Browse

18
Q

What type of grasses are the majority in temperate countries?

A

C3 type, typically have higher protein content than the C4 type found in tropical countries

19
Q

What are two examples of cool season grasses?

A

Timothy, sweetclover, ryegrass, bromegrass, orchard grass

20
Q

What are two examples of warm season grasses?

A

Bermudagrass, switchgrass, fescue

21
Q

What causes ‘summer syndrome’ in cattle?

A

endophyte fungus in fescue grasses

22
Q

What are some common examples of legumes?

A

Alfalfa, clovers, soybean, green beans, peas and lentils

23
Q

What problems does alfalfa cause in cattle? in horses?

A

Cattle- bloat

Horses- blister beetle toxicity

24
Q

Alfalfa is an excellent source of:

a. protein
b. calcium
c. carotene, and tocopherol
d. water soluble vitamins
e. all of the above

A

E. all of the above

25
Q

What are some concerns of sweet clover?

A

high in coumarin, which is converted to dicoumarol by molds, and can cause bleeding problems, especially in neonates.
cattle > sheep, horses

26
Q

What legume can lead to slaframine toxicosis?

CS: horses- salivation, bloat, diarrhea and frequent urination

A

Red clover infected with R. leguminocola fungus

27
Q

What are forbs?

A

low-growing broad-leaf plant that commonly grows with grass plants

28
Q

What are browse plants?

A

broad-leaf woody plants, that are a last resort for many species due to difficulty in digestibility.

29
Q

Most forages/pastures are more nutritious if harvested/eaten as ____?

A

young plants

30
Q

How are forages stored?

A

Hay- forage baled with low water content
Haylage- semi-wilted, fermented grasses/legumes in bags
Silage- higher moisture content than hay or haylage, but less O2.

31
Q

What are the 3 types of silages?

A

Ensiled forages
Carbonaceous- corn or grass
Proteinaceous- alfalfa or clover

32
Q

If straw is low in energy, protein, minerals or vitamins, why is it added to the diet?

A

fiber

33
Q

What essential AA is corn low in?

A

Tryptophan, lysine

34
Q

Which cereals must be rolled or pressed?

A

wheat
barley
oats- fed rolled or whole to horses
sorghum- fed ground or rolled

35
Q

What must be true of fats and oils if they are to be fed to ruminants?

A

Cannot contain proteins

36
Q

Is it necessary to use protein supplements?

A

yes! Most feeds are insufficient in some protein and in monogastrics essential aa must be provided

37
Q

Why are oilseed meals added to feed?

A

high in crude protein about 40%

38
Q

What is the most important protein supplement?

A

soybean meal

39
Q

Sunflower oil is high in protein but deficient in which essential aa?

A

lysine

40
Q

What animals would you not give linseed meal to?

A

poultry, poor aa content

41
Q

What problems can linseed meal cause?

A

cyanide poisoning, (plant may contain cyanogenic glycoside -> toxic H-cyanide

42
Q

Make the statement true:

Canola has less _____ than soybean meal, but more _______

a. lysine, methionine
b. histidine, arginine
c. valine, tryptophan
d .tryptophan, histidine

A

A. lysine, methionine

RUSVM Nutrition May 2017 (3 decks)

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