Feedstuff Flashcards
What is feedstuff?
Component of a diet that provides a source of one or more nutrients (energy, protein, minerals or vitamins) required by an animal.
What are the categories of feedstuff? (8 total)
- roughages
- pasture, range plants and plants fed green
- silages and haylages
- energy feeds
- protein supplements
- mineral supplements
- vitamin supplements
- non-nutritive additives
Select the most used cereal in poultry feeding
a. Wheat
b. Maize/Corn
c. Barley
d. Oats
e. Millet
B. Maize/Corn
Select the Tropical grass species?
a. Bermuda grass
b. Ryegrass
A. Bermuda grass
Which grass is associated with ergot type alkaloid contamination?
a. Bermuda grass
b. Ryegrass
c. Fescue
d. Broome grass
C. fescue
Which legume is associated with photosensitization in horses?
a. Sweet clover
b. Red clover
c. Alsike clover
d. White clover
e. All of the Above
f. None of the Above
C. Alsike clover
Which roughage would have the highest CP content?
a. Tree branches
b. Corn Silage
c. Wheat Straw
d. Grass hay
e. Alfalfa silage
E. Alfalfa silage
Which cereal would have the highest energy content?
a. Barley
b. Wheat
c. Corn
d. Sorghum
e. All similar
C. Corn
What is the most important protein source in turkey feeding?
a. Soybean meal
b. Cotton seed meal
c. Canola meal
A. soybean meal
Which protein supplement is associated to gossypol?
a. Soybean meal
b. Canola meal
c. Sunflower meal
d. Cotton seed meal
D. Cottonseed meal
Peanut meal has relatively high contents of Lysine.
a. True
b. False
B. false
Select a good source of calcium. (Most appropriate answer)
a. Limestone
b. Oystershell
c. Dicalcium phosphate
d. All of the Above
e. None of the Above
D. All of the above
Plant materials primarily provide what nutrient?
dietary carbohydrates
what is the difference between a forage and a roughage?
Forage- total plant material to be consumed by the animal
Roughage- dietary components that re high in fiber
T/F: Roughages require the action of microbial digestion in the GI tract
True
T/F: roughages are normally high in available carbohydrates compared to cereals.
False
What are the categories of herbages?
Grasses
Legumes
Forbs
Browse
What type of grasses are the majority in temperate countries?
C3 type, typically have higher protein content than the C4 type found in tropical countries
What are two examples of cool season grasses?
Timothy, sweetclover, ryegrass, bromegrass, orchard grass
What are two examples of warm season grasses?
Bermudagrass, switchgrass, fescue
What causes ‘summer syndrome’ in cattle?
endophyte fungus in fescue grasses
What are some common examples of legumes?
Alfalfa, clovers, soybean, green beans, peas and lentils
What problems does alfalfa cause in cattle? in horses?
Cattle- bloat
Horses- blister beetle toxicity
Alfalfa is an excellent source of:
a. protein
b. calcium
c. carotene, and tocopherol
d. water soluble vitamins
e. all of the above
E. all of the above
What are some concerns of sweet clover?
high in coumarin, which is converted to dicoumarol by molds, and can cause bleeding problems, especially in neonates.
cattle > sheep, horses
What legume can lead to slaframine toxicosis?
CS: horses- salivation, bloat, diarrhea and frequent urination
Red clover infected with R. leguminocola fungus
What are forbs?
low-growing broad-leaf plant that commonly grows with grass plants
What are browse plants?
broad-leaf woody plants, that are a last resort for many species due to difficulty in digestibility.
Most forages/pastures are more nutritious if harvested/eaten as ____?
young plants
How are forages stored?
Hay- forage baled with low water content
Haylage- semi-wilted, fermented grasses/legumes in bags
Silage- higher moisture content than hay or haylage, but less O2.
What are the 3 types of silages?
Ensiled forages
Carbonaceous- corn or grass
Proteinaceous- alfalfa or clover
If straw is low in energy, protein, minerals or vitamins, why is it added to the diet?
fiber
What essential AA is corn low in?
Tryptophan, lysine
Which cereals must be rolled or pressed?
wheat
barley
oats- fed rolled or whole to horses
sorghum- fed ground or rolled
What must be true of fats and oils if they are to be fed to ruminants?
Cannot contain proteins
Is it necessary to use protein supplements?
yes! Most feeds are insufficient in some protein and in monogastrics essential aa must be provided
Why are oilseed meals added to feed?
high in crude protein about 40%
What is the most important protein supplement?
soybean meal
Sunflower oil is high in protein but deficient in which essential aa?
lysine
What animals would you not give linseed meal to?
poultry, poor aa content
What problems can linseed meal cause?
cyanide poisoning, (plant may contain cyanogenic glycoside -> toxic H-cyanide
Make the statement true:
Canola has less _____ than soybean meal, but more _______
a. lysine, methionine
b. histidine, arginine
c. valine, tryptophan
d .tryptophan, histidine
A. lysine, methionine
