Nutrients 4.1 to 4.4 Flashcards
Revision and Keywords.
Name the 4 main nutrients.
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats and Minerals.
What nutrient is an organic molecule containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and is used as a source of energy in organisms?
Carbohydrate.
What nutrients contains carbon, hydrogen oxygen AND nitrogen?
Proteins
Name a simple carbohydrate.
Sugar or glucose
What group od nutrients do fats and oils belong to?
Lipids
True or False. Proteins contain Amino Acids.
True
True or false. Sugars such as glucose are absorbed into the blood quickly and are used for quick energy release.
True
What is this describing… A complex carbohydrate made of many glucose sugar molecules joined together; it is used for long term energy storage.
Starch.
What nutrients are known as being Energy Dense?
Lipids
How does a Humpback whale make good use of Fats and Oils?
It uses it for insulation against the cold water.
What is the name given to the thick layer of fat in whales?
Blubber
What 2 main Vitamins are soluble in oil and not water.
Vitamins A and D
Oily fish such as Salmon contain an essential oil known as ?
Omega-3
If the Biuret test colour changes from blue to purple what does this show?
The presence of proteins.
If an iodine solution test changes from Orange to Black what does this show the presence of?
Starch.
What are MICRONUTRIENTS?
Essential nutrients that are needed in small amounts.
How does Seagrass obtain its Minerals?
It absorbs them through its roots.
What is vitamin A used for in the body?
Good vision and healthy skin.
What Vitamin plays an essential role in maintaining healthy skin, teeth and blood vessels.
Vitamin C
Vitamin D is essential for…
helping the body to absorb calcium to strenghten bones and teeth.
What vitamin helps energy release from cells?
Vitamin B
What protein contains iron and is used to transport oxygen in the blood?
Haemoglobin.
Name 5 essential elements used by organisms.
Carbon, Nitrogen, Magnesium, Calcium, Iron.
How do plants and protictists use Magnesium?
It helps them to make Chlorophyll.
Where do animals obtain Carbon from?
Their food.
Plants and protoctists obtain magnesium from sediment or surrounding water to make chlorophyll. What colour does the chlorophyll give the plants?
Green.
True or false? Calcium can dissolve in water.
True.
How does Coral use calcium dissolved in the water?
To build skeletons of insoluble Calcium Carbonate.
How would acidic water affect coral Calcium Carbonate skeletons?
It would slowly dissolve them.
What elements can farm fertiliser contain that can cause problems with eutrification if it runs off into rivers and the sea?
Nitrates and Magnesium.
How does the Lugworm store oxygen when it is in its burrow?
Within its haemoglobin.
What nutrients do producers like dinoglagellates and diatoms take up when in the open ocean?
Carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) and Nitrogen (in the form of nitrates)
How does a Herbivore obtain energy?
By eating plants.
Dead organic waste sinks to the sea bed where it is decomposed by bacteria. This releases nutriens back into the marine ecosystem. What process can bring these nutrients back to the surface?
Upwelling.
What organisms make good use of nutrients from upwelling?
Phytoplankton.
Name 2 types of waste from organisms that can make Marine Snow?
Faeces, marine orgaisms may die or shed their skin.
True or flase. The seabed is very low in nutrients.
False. The seabed can be very rich in nutrients because of the constant decomposition of ‘Marine Snow’ releasing all the nutrients.
What can a sudden rush of nutrients to the ocean surface cause?
Algal bloom.
If a large whale dies and sinks to the seabed what are some of the main scavengers that start to eat the soft tissue?
Hagfish. Sleeper Shark and Crabs.
What process in organisms helps to release energy from nutrient molecules?
Respiration.
Aerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose using ….?
Oxygen.
State the word equation for aerobic respiration.
oxygen + glucose — carbon dioxide + water.
(DO NOT CONFUSE THIS WITH PHOTOSYNTHESIS WORD EQUATION)
Cells can respire without oxygen, what process is this called?
Anaerobic respiration.
Describe Gas Exchange.
The uptake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by an organism.
Name 3 features of fish gills that help make gas exchange more effective.
Large surface area, Thin walls, Good blood supply.
Name 2 types of producers in the marine ecosystem.
Plants (eg sea grass) Protoctists (macroalgae such as kelp)
What type of bacteria are also producer organisms?
Cyanobacteria.
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + Water —Sunlight— Glucose + Oxygen.
In an experiment, when repeating it to take a mean you suddenly get a reading that is very high or very low compared to all the others, what do we call this?
Anomalous Values.
Name 4 things that can alter the rate of photosynthasis.
Light intensisty, Carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, mineral ions.
True or False. The sunlight zone is rich in oxygen and lower in Carbon dioxide?
True.
True or false. The ocean depths are low in oxygen.
True
True or false. Sunlight can only penetrate about 75 metres into the ocean.
False. It can penetrate around 200 metres.
If temperature increases what happems to the rate of photosynthesis?
It also increases.
What do we call the cloudiness of water due to particles which reduce the transmission of light?
Turbidity.
Describe a food web.
The interasctions between all the food chains in an ecosystem.
As you work your way up a food chain organisms within it occupy a level in that food change. What do we call this level?
Trophic Level
What do we call an organism at the 2nd trophic level of a food chain?
Primary Consumer.
What do Detrivores eat?
Dead or waste organic material.
How do carnivores gain their energy.
By eating other only other animals.
True or False. Bait fish is a secondary consumer.
True. Phytoplankton — Zooplankton — Bait fish.
What word do we use to decribe the mass of living matter?
Biomass.
What diagram would show the number of organisms at each trophic level?
Pyramid of number.
As well as mass we can also measure the enrgy present at each trophic level. What diagram would show this?
Pyramid of energy.
Give 2 ways in which energy can be lost from a food chain?
Faeces (organism is not fully digested). Respiration (energy used running away). Organism is not fully consumed.
What name to we give to a species when all of that species no longer exists.
Extinct.
