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Home Economics > Nutrients > Flashcards

Nutrients Flashcards

0
Q

What is the classification of nutrients ?

A

Nutrients are divided into two groups :

Macronutrients and micronutrients.

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1
Q

What is a nutrient ?

A

A nutrient is a chemical in food the nourishes the body eg. protein.

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2
Q

What is the composition of protein?

A

Proteins are made up of amino acids.

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3
Q

What are amino acids composed of and what do they look like ?

A

Amino acids are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (chon) and look like beads on a chain.

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4
Q

What is the classification of protein?

A

HBV protein (high biological value) and LBV protein (low biological value) are the classification of protein.

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5
Q

What are sources of HBV protein and LBV protein?

A

HBV proteins are usually found in animal sources such as meat,fish & eggs and LBV proteins are usually found in plant sources such as beans, peas & nuts

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6
Q

What is the function of protein?

A

The function of protein is for the growth and repair of body cells.

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7
Q

What is the RDA (recommended dietary allowance) of protein?

A

The RDA of protein for adults is one gram for every kilogram they weigh

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8
Q

What is the composition of fats ?

A

Fats are composed of glycerol and fatty acids.

They contain the elements carbon, hydrogen & oxygen.

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9
Q

What is the classification of fats ?

A

The classification of fats are saturated and unsaturated fats.

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10
Q

Name a few sources of saturated and unsaturated fats.

A

Meat, eggs & cheese are sources of saturated fats.

Olive oil, fish oils & nuts are sources of unsaturated fats.

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11
Q

What does too much butter, cream and cheese lead to in later life?

A

It can lead to high cholesterol and coronary heart disease.

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12
Q

What are the functions of fats ?

A

The functions of fats are :
•They provide heat and energy
•A layer of fat under the skin insulates the body and prevents
heat loss.
•Fats protect delicate organs such as kidneys and nerves.

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13
Q

What are the compositions of carbohydrates ?

A
  • Carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars, for example glucose.
  • Simple sugars are joined together to form starch.
  • Carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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14
Q

What is the classification of carbohydrates ?

A
  • sugars
  • starches
  • dietary fibre
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15
Q

Name some sources of the classifications of carbohydrates.

A

Sugars : jam, sweets and honey.
Starches : cereals, potatoes and root veg.
Dietary fibre : brown bread and rice, fruit and veg with skins on.

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16
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates ?

A
  • Sugars and starchy foods provide heat and energy
  • Fibre helps the movement of food through the body (prevents constipation)
  • Fibre gives a feeling of fullness.
17
Q

What are refined or processed cereals ?

A

Refined or processed cereals are cereals in which the fibre is removed.

18
Q

What is the RDA for fibre ?

A

The RDA for fibre is 30g.

19
Q

What are the two groups of vitamins ?

A

The two groups of vitamins are :
•Water-soluble (dissolve in water) - vitamin B group and vitamin C
•Fat-soluble (dissolve in fat) - vitamins A, D, E, & K

20
Q

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin B group ?

A 
Function : 
•release of energy from food.
•helps prevent neural tube defects (spina bifida) in the unborn child.
Sources : 
•red meat.
•fortified breakfast cereal.
Deficiency diseases : 
•increased risk of neural tube defects in babies.
•beri-beri (nerve disease)
21
Q

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin C?

A 
Function :
•general health
•helps the body absorb iron.
Sources :
•black currants, oranges, peppers, broccoli.
Deficiency disease :
•scurvy.
22
Q

What is changed to vitamin A in the body?

A

Carotene.

23
Q

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin A?

A 
Functions :    
•healthy skin
•healthy eyes
Sources :
•oily fish and eggs
Deficiency diseases :
•night blindness.
•rough, dry skin
24
Q

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin D?

A 
Function :
•helps the absorption of calcium.
Sources :
•oily fish
•eggs 
•fortified milk
Deficiency disease : 
•rickets in children
•osteoporosis in adults
25
Q

What does an excess of vitamin A or D in the diet cause ?

A

Hypervitaminosis

26
Q

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin E?

A 
Function :
•an antioxidant (gets rid of bad cells)
Sources :
•nuts
•eggs
Deficiency diseases :
•anaemia in newborn babies.
27
Q

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin K?

A 
Function :
•helps blood to clot.
Sources :
•made in the intestine
•green veg
•cereals
Deficiency diseases :
•blood clotting problems
28
Q

Name six important minerals.

A
  • calcium •phosphorous
  • iron •fluorine
  • sodium •iodine
29
Q

What are the functions and deficiency diseases for calcium ?

A

Function :
strong bones and teeth.

Deficiency disease :
lack of calcium in the body makes the bones soft.
This is called rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
Osteoporosis and tooth decay can also occur.

30
Q

What is the RDA for calcium ?

A

The RDA for calcium is 1200mg.

31
Q

What are the sources, functions and deficiency diseases of iron ?

A

Sources of iron :
•red meat
•fortified breakfast cereals
•green vegetables

Functions of iron :
iron helps to make healthy red blood cells.
It also makes haemoglobin in the red blood cells which
helps carry oxygen around the body to give us energy.

Deficiency disease :
if you don’t have enough iron in your body you can’t make haemoglobin, which carries oxygen around your body to give you energy. This can lead to a disease called anaemia.

32
Q

What helps the absorption of iron ?

A

Vitamin C

33
Q

What is the RDA of iron ?

A

The RDA of iron is 14mg

34
Q

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for fluorine ?

A

Sources :
•Drinking water
•fish

Functions :
healthy teeth.

Deficiency diseases :
tooth decay.

35
Q

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for phosphorous ?

A

Sources :
Meat, fish, eggs, milk, cheese.

Functions :
combines with calcium for strong bones and teeth.

Deficiency diseases :
Rare because it’s found in so many foods.

36
Q

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for sodium (salt) ?

A

Sources :
Table salt, bacon, snack foods, butter, cheese

Functions :
controls water balance in the body

Deficiency diseases :
Muscle cramps.

37
Q

What is the RDA for salt ?

A

The RDA for salt is 6g

38
Q

How much water should we drink a day ?

A

We should drink at least 2 - 2.5 litres (8 glasses) of water a day

39
Q

What are the sources and functions of water ?

A

Sources :
Tap/bottled water, milk and tea.

Functions :
•satisfies thirst
•helps digestion
•helps remove waste from the body eg. in urine
•source of minerals such as fluoride and calcium
•part of all body fluids

Home Economics (3 decks)

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