Nutrients Flashcards
What is the classification of nutrients ?
Nutrients are divided into two groups :
Macronutrients and micronutrients.
What is a nutrient ?
A nutrient is a chemical in food the nourishes the body eg. protein.
What is the composition of protein?
Proteins are made up of amino acids.
What are amino acids composed of and what do they look like ?
Amino acids are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (chon) and look like beads on a chain.
What is the classification of protein?
HBV protein (high biological value) and LBV protein (low biological value) are the classification of protein.
What are sources of HBV protein and LBV protein?
HBV proteins are usually found in animal sources such as meat,fish & eggs and LBV proteins are usually found in plant sources such as beans, peas & nuts
What is the function of protein?
The function of protein is for the growth and repair of body cells.
What is the RDA (recommended dietary allowance) of protein?
The RDA of protein for adults is one gram for every kilogram they weigh
What is the composition of fats ?
Fats are composed of glycerol and fatty acids.
They contain the elements carbon, hydrogen & oxygen.
What is the classification of fats ?
The classification of fats are saturated and unsaturated fats.
Name a few sources of saturated and unsaturated fats.
Meat, eggs & cheese are sources of saturated fats.
Olive oil, fish oils & nuts are sources of unsaturated fats.
What does too much butter, cream and cheese lead to in later life?
It can lead to high cholesterol and coronary heart disease.
What are the functions of fats ?
The functions of fats are :
•They provide heat and energy
•A layer of fat under the skin insulates the body and prevents
heat loss.
•Fats protect delicate organs such as kidneys and nerves.
What are the compositions of carbohydrates ?
- Carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars, for example glucose.
- Simple sugars are joined together to form starch.
- Carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
What is the classification of carbohydrates ?
- sugars
- starches
- dietary fibre
Name some sources of the classifications of carbohydrates.
Sugars : jam, sweets and honey.
Starches : cereals, potatoes and root veg.
Dietary fibre : brown bread and rice, fruit and veg with skins on.
What are the functions of carbohydrates ?
- Sugars and starchy foods provide heat and energy
- Fibre helps the movement of food through the body (prevents constipation)
- Fibre gives a feeling of fullness.
What are refined or processed cereals ?
Refined or processed cereals are cereals in which the fibre is removed.
What is the RDA for fibre ?
The RDA for fibre is 30g.
What are the two groups of vitamins ?
The two groups of vitamins are :
•Water-soluble (dissolve in water) - vitamin B group and vitamin C
•Fat-soluble (dissolve in fat) - vitamins A, D, E, & K
What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin B group ?
Function : •release of energy from food. •helps prevent neural tube defects (spina bifida) in the unborn child. Sources : •red meat. •fortified breakfast cereal. Deficiency diseases : •increased risk of neural tube defects in babies. •beri-beri (nerve disease)
What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin C?
Function : •general health •helps the body absorb iron. Sources : •black currants, oranges, peppers, broccoli. Deficiency disease : •scurvy.
What is changed to vitamin A in the body?
Carotene.
What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin A?
Functions : •healthy skin •healthy eyes Sources : •oily fish and eggs Deficiency diseases : •night blindness. •rough, dry skin
What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin D?
Function : •helps the absorption of calcium. Sources : •oily fish •eggs •fortified milk Deficiency disease : •rickets in children •osteoporosis in adults
What does an excess of vitamin A or D in the diet cause ?
Hypervitaminosis
What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin E?
Function : •an antioxidant (gets rid of bad cells) Sources : •nuts •eggs Deficiency diseases : •anaemia in newborn babies.
What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin K?
Function : •helps blood to clot. Sources : •made in the intestine •green veg •cereals Deficiency diseases : •blood clotting problems
Name six important minerals.
- calcium •phosphorous
- iron •fluorine
- sodium •iodine
What are the functions and deficiency diseases for calcium ?
Function :
strong bones and teeth.
Deficiency disease :
lack of calcium in the body makes the bones soft.
This is called rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
Osteoporosis and tooth decay can also occur.
What is the RDA for calcium ?
The RDA for calcium is 1200mg.
What are the sources, functions and deficiency diseases of iron ?
Sources of iron :
•red meat
•fortified breakfast cereals
•green vegetables
Functions of iron :
iron helps to make healthy red blood cells.
It also makes haemoglobin in the red blood cells which
helps carry oxygen around the body to give us energy.
Deficiency disease :
if you don’t have enough iron in your body you can’t make haemoglobin, which carries oxygen around your body to give you energy. This can lead to a disease called anaemia.
What helps the absorption of iron ?
Vitamin C
What is the RDA of iron ?
The RDA of iron is 14mg
What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for fluorine ?
Sources :
•Drinking water
•fish
Functions :
healthy teeth.
Deficiency diseases :
tooth decay.
What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for phosphorous ?
Sources :
Meat, fish, eggs, milk, cheese.
Functions :
combines with calcium for strong bones and teeth.
Deficiency diseases :
Rare because it’s found in so many foods.
What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for sodium (salt) ?
Sources :
Table salt, bacon, snack foods, butter, cheese
Functions :
controls water balance in the body
Deficiency diseases :
Muscle cramps.
What is the RDA for salt ?
The RDA for salt is 6g
How much water should we drink a day ?
We should drink at least 2 - 2.5 litres (8 glasses) of water a day
What are the sources and functions of water ?
Sources :
Tap/bottled water, milk and tea.
Functions :
•satisfies thirst
•helps digestion
•helps remove waste from the body eg. in urine
•source of minerals such as fluoride and calcium
•part of all body fluids
