nutrients Flashcards
nutrient
a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body
what the body needs energy for
- movement
- growth
- reproduction
- repair damaged tissues
- maintenance of bodily functions
the six nutrient groups
- vitamins
- minerals
- carbohydrates
- protein
- water
- fats / lipids
maintenance diet
the correct nutrients in the right amounts, maintaining the correct weight and ultimately the good health of an animal
calorie
a unit measure of energy in food
macronutrient
generally needed in large quantities to provide energy
micronutrient
essential in small amounts for the normal process and functions
water functions
- lubricant (eyes, nose, mouth)
- solvent (to enable digestion of nutrients)
- transport (blood)
- regulator (removing heat produced by organs)
- cleanser (removes toxins)
how is water lost from the body
- urination
- defecation
- saliva
- respiration
- sweating
- evaporation
- milk
- bodily fluids
carbohydrates
- sugars (simple)
- starches (complex)
- cellulose (complex)
simple carbohydrates
easy to break down through digestion → made up of one or two sugar molecules
simple carbohydrates (examples)
- monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)
- disaccharides (maltose, lactose, sucrose)
complex carbohydrates
- harder to break down because the sugar molecules are in longer, complicated chains
- made up of three or more sugars joined together
complex carbohydrates (examples)
polysaccharides (starches, fibres, glycogen)
monosaccharides
- single sugars
- structural isomers → share the same molecular formula
- C6H12O6
disaccharides
- sugars composed of two monosaccharides joined together
- simple carbohydrates