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nutrition > nutrients > Flashcards

nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

nutrient

A

a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body

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2
Q

what the body needs energy for

A
  • movement
  • growth
  • reproduction
  • repair damaged tissues
  • maintenance of bodily functions
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3
Q

the six nutrient groups

A
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • carbohydrates
  • protein
  • water
  • fats / lipids
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4
Q

maintenance diet

A

the correct nutrients in the right amounts, maintaining the correct weight and ultimately the good health of an animal

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5
Q

calorie

A

a unit measure of energy in food

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6
Q

macronutrient

A

generally needed in large quantities to provide energy

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7
Q

micronutrient

A

essential in small amounts for the normal process and functions

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8
Q

water functions

A
  • lubricant (eyes, nose, mouth)
  • solvent (to enable digestion of nutrients)
  • transport (blood)
  • regulator (removing heat produced by organs)
  • cleanser (removes toxins)
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9
Q

how is water lost from the body

A
  • urination
  • defecation
  • saliva
  • respiration
  • sweating
  • evaporation
  • milk
  • bodily fluids
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10
Q

carbohydrates

A
  • sugars (simple)
  • starches (complex)
  • cellulose (complex)
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11
Q

simple carbohydrates

A

easy to break down through digestion → made up of one or two sugar molecules

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12
Q

simple carbohydrates (examples)

A
  • monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)
  • disaccharides (maltose, lactose, sucrose)
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13
Q

complex carbohydrates

A
  • harder to break down because the sugar molecules are in longer, complicated chains
  • made up of three or more sugars joined together
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14
Q

complex carbohydrates (examples)

A

polysaccharides (starches, fibres, glycogen)

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15
Q

monosaccharides

A
  • single sugars
  • structural isomers → share the same molecular formula
  • C6H12O6
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16
Q

disaccharides

A
  • sugars composed of two monosaccharides joined together
  • simple carbohydrates
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17
Q

polysaccharides

A

chain of 10 or more sugars

18
Q

oligosaccharides

A

chain of three to six sugars

19
Q

functions of carbohydrates

A
  • provide energy
  • regulate blood glucose
  • build other molecules
  • storage of energy once converted to fats
20
Q

structure of a protein

A
  • made up of many polypeptides (50+ amino acids)
  • contains nitrogen → whereas the other 3 nutrient groups that provide energy don’t contain nitrogen
21
Q

functions of protein

A
  • growth and repair of body tissues
  • production of hormones and enzymes
  • form the immune system (through amino acids)
  • storage of energy once converted to carbohydrates and fats
22
Q

carboxyl group

A

COOH

23
Q

amino group

A

NH2

24
Q

structure of amino acids

A

Carbon , Hydrogen , Oxygen , Nitrogen
- central carbon bonded to carboxyl group
- amino group
- hydrogen atom
- R group (changes depending on what type of amino acid)

25
Q

peptides

A

strings of amino acids joined by a peptide bond

26
Q

peptide bond

A

when a carboxyl group in one molecule of an amino acid reacts with an amino group of another amino acid molecule and releases a molecule of water

27
Q

function of fats / lipids

A
  • energy storage
  • insulation
  • vitamin absorption and transport (E, D, A, K)
  • help reinforce cell membranes
28
Q

saturated fatty acids

A
  • full of hydrogens
  • single bond between carbons
  • carboxyl group
  • straight structure
29
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A
  • full of hydrogens
  • double bond between two carbons
  • carboxyl group
  • bent structure
30
Q

vitamins

A

organic substances used by the body for proper functioning

31
Q

organic

A

something containing carbon

32
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A
  • vitamins stored in fats in the body
  • vitamins A, D, E, K
33
Q

water soluble vitamins

A
  • vitamins not stored in the body and therefore the body needs them daily
  • vitamin C and B group vitamins
34
Q

vitamin functions

A
  • wound healing
  • maintaining healthy skin / fur / coat
  • blood clotting
  • chemical reactions in the body
  • growth and development
35
Q

minerals

A

inorganic materials needed in small quantities

36
Q

how do animals obtain minerals

A
  • drinking water
  • plants take up minerals via water → some animals eat those plants and other animals eat those animals
37
Q

macrominerals

A
  • needed in large quantities
  • necessary for skeletal structure and transference of nutrients
38
Q

examples of macrominerals

A
  • calcium
  • phosphorus
  • magnesium
  • potassium
39
Q

microminerals

A
  • needed in small quantities
  • help the formation of enzymes
40
Q

examples of microminerals

A
  • fluorine
  • iodine
  • zinc
  • iron
41
Q

enriched foods

A

lost vitamins and minerals are added back into the foods
(vitamins and minerals are lost through cooking or processing food)

42
Q

fortified foods

A

extra vitamins and minerals are put into the foods

nutrition (4 decks)

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