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Nutrient Requirement 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

A

Provide energy

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2
Q

Fill in the blank: Proteins are made up of ______.

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin? (A) Vitamin C (B) Vitamin B12 (C) Vitamin D (D) Vitamin B6

A

C) Vitamin D

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4
Q

What mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?

A

Iron

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5
Q

True or False: Water is considered a macronutrient.

A

True

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6
Q

What is the recommended daily water intake for an adult?

A

About 2-3 liters

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7
Q

List three major macronutrients.

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats

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8
Q

What is the main function of dietary fiber?

A

Aids digestion and prevents constipation

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9
Q

Which condition is caused by a deficiency of iron?

A

Anemia

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary source of Vitamin C is ______.

A

Citrus fruits

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11
Q

Which of the following is an example of a complete protein? (A) Rice (B) Eggs (C) Wheat (D) Beans

A

B) Eggs

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12
Q

What is the function of calcium in the body?

A

Supports bone health and muscle function

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13
Q

What is a major consequence of dehydration?

A

Fatigue, dizziness, and poor concentration

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14
Q

Which vitamin is known as the ‘sunshine vitamin’?

A

Vitamin D

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Fats are broken down into ______ and glycerol.

A

Fatty acids

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16
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are liquid.

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17
Q

What is the role of Vitamin A in the body?

A

Supports vision and immune function

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18
Q

List two major sources of dietary fiber.

A

Fruits, Whole grains

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19
Q

What is the main function of protein in the body?

A

Muscle repair and growth

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20
Q

Which of these foods is a good source of Omega-3 fatty acids? (A) Chicken (B) Fish (C) Rice (D) Bananas

A

B) Fish

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21
Q

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

A

Vitamin K

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The main function of hemoglobin is to transport ______ in the blood.

A

Oxygen

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23
Q

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin? (A) Vitamin A (B) Vitamin C (C) Vitamin D (D) Vitamin K

A

B) Vitamin C

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24
Q

What is the primary function of lipids in the body?

A

Energy storage and insulation

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25
Q

List two major sources of unsaturated fats.

A

Olive oil, Avocados

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26
Q

Which nutrient is responsible for enzyme production?

A

Proteins

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27
Q

What is the daily recommended fiber intake for adults?

A

25-30 grams

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28
Q

Which mineral is necessary for thyroid function?

A

Iodine

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29
Q

True or False: Vitamin D can be synthesized by the body when exposed to sunlight.

A

True

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30
Q

What is the primary function of insulin?

A

Regulates blood sugar levels

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31
Q

Which of the following foods is high in dietary cholesterol? (A) Avocados (B) Butter (C) Oats (D) Bananas

A

B) Butter

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32
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down food for energy is called ______.

A

Metabolism

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33
Q

What is a key benefit of antioxidants in the diet?

A

Protects cells from damage caused by free radicals

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34
Q

List two sources of complete proteins.

A

Meat, Soy

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35
Q

What are the two types of carbohydrates?

A

Simple carbohydrates, Complex carbohydrates

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36
Q

Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?

A

Vitamin C deficiency

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37
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

A

Absorbs water and electrolytes

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38
Q

Which of these is a good source of plant-based protein? (A) Chicken (B) Tofu (C) Fish (D) Cheese

A

B) Tofu

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39
Q

What mineral helps maintain fluid balance in the body?

A

Sodium

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40
Q

Fill in the blank: The main source of energy for the brain is ______.

A

Glucose

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41
Q

What is the primary function of vitamin B12?

A

Supports nerve function and red blood cell formation

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42
Q

Fill in the blank: The two types of digestion are ______ and ______.

A

Mechanical, Chemical

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43
Q

Which of the following is a complete protein source? (A) Rice (B) Chicken (C) Corn (D) Lentils

A

B) Chicken

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44
Q

What is the main function of dietary fats?

A

Energy storage and protection of organs

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45
Q

Which mineral is important for bone formation?

A

Calcium

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46
Q

List two good sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

A

Salmon, Chia seeds

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47
Q

What is the difference between HDL and LDL cholesterol?

A

HDL is ‘good’ cholesterol, while LDL is ‘bad’ cholesterol

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48
Q

Which vitamin deficiency leads to night blindness?

A

Vitamin A deficiency

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49
Q

What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?

A

Produces enzymes to break down food and regulates blood sugar

50
Q

True or False: Whole grains are a better source of fiber than refined grains.

51
Q

Which of the following helps with collagen production? (A) Vitamin C (B) Vitamin D (C) Vitamin K (D) Calcium

A

A) Vitamin C

52
Q

Fill in the blank: The storage form of glucose in the liver is called ______.

53
Q

What is a common symptom of dehydration?

A

Dry mouth, dizziness, and fatigue

54
Q

Which mineral is essential for muscle contraction?

55
Q

List two water-soluble vitamins.

A

Vitamin C, B-complex vitamins

56
Q

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

A

Nutrient absorption

57
Q

Which macronutrient has the highest calorie content per gram?

A

Fats (9 kcal per gram)

58
Q

Which of these foods is a good source of probiotics? (A) Yogurt (B) Chicken (C) Rice (D) Potatoes

59
Q

What is the main dietary source of trans fats?

A

Processed and fried foods

60
Q

Fill in the blank: The hormone responsible for lowering blood sugar levels is ______.

61
Q

What is the function of dietary fiber in digestion?

A

Promotes bowel movements and prevents constipation

62
Q

Fill in the blank: The hormone responsible for increasing blood sugar levels is ______.

63
Q

Which of the following is a major source of vitamin D? (A) Oranges (B) Milk (C) Meat (D) Rice

64
Q

What are the two main types of dietary fats?

A

Saturated and Unsaturated fats

65
Q

What is the primary function of vitamin K?

A

Aids in blood clotting

66
Q

List two major sources of vitamin E.

A

Nuts, Seeds

67
Q

Which nutrient helps regulate body temperature and lubricate joints?

68
Q

Which condition results from severe vitamin C deficiency?

69
Q

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

A

Type 1 is autoimmune, Type 2 is lifestyle-related

70
Q

True or False: Excess protein is stored as muscle.

71
Q

Which of the following foods is high in potassium? (A) Bananas (B) Rice (C) Chicken (D) Cheese

A

A) Bananas

72
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the organ responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the body.

73
Q

What are essential fatty acids?

A

Fats that must be obtained from the diet (Omega-3 and Omega-6)

74
Q

Which mineral is crucial for red blood cell production?

75
Q

List two functions of vitamin B6.

A

Aids in protein metabolism, supports brain development

76
Q

What is the role of electrolytes in the body?

A

Maintain fluid balance and nerve signaling

77
Q

Which type of fat is considered heart-healthy?

A

Unsaturated fats

78
Q

Which of these is a symptom of protein deficiency? (A) Muscle loss (B) Fatigue (C) Slow wound healing (D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

79
Q

What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

A

The number of calories the body needs at rest to maintain basic functions

80
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules for absorption is called ______.

81
Q

What is the primary function of folate in the body?

A

Supports DNA synthesis and cell division

82
Q

Fill in the blank: The main source of dietary iodine is ______.

A

Salt (iodized salt)

83
Q

Which of the following nutrients helps prevent osteoporosis? (A) Vitamin C (B) Calcium (C) Iron (D) Zinc

A

B) Calcium

84
Q

What is the function of riboflavin (Vitamin B2)?

A

Helps in energy production and red blood cell formation

85
Q

List two good sources of zinc.

A

Meat, Nuts

86
Q

Which macronutrient is responsible for long-term energy storage?

87
Q

What condition is caused by severe iodine deficiency?

88
Q

What is the role of choline in the body?

A

Supports brain development and liver function

89
Q

True or False: Excess sodium intake can lead to high blood pressure.

90
Q

Which of the following foods is high in vitamin C? (A) Carrots (B) Oranges (C) Bread (D) Cheese

A

B) Oranges

91
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary site of nutrient absorption in the body is the ______.

A

Small intestine

92
Q

What is the role of vitamin B1 (Thiamin)?

A

Helps convert food into energy and supports nerve function

93
Q

What is the function of vitamin B12?

A

Supports red blood cell production and nerve function

94
Q

Which of these foods is a good source of magnesium? (A) White bread (B) Almonds (C) Butter (D) Chicken

A

B) Almonds

95
Q

List two health risks associated with excessive sugar intake.

A

Obesity, Type 2 diabetes

96
Q

What is a key function of phosphorus in the body?

A

Helps form bones and teeth

97
Q

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

A

Transports oxygen in the blood

98
Q

Which type of dietary fat is the healthiest?

A

Monounsaturated fats

99
Q

What are probiotics?

A

Beneficial bacteria that support gut health

100
Q

Fill in the blank: The most important mineral for nerve signaling is ______.

101
Q

Question

102
Q

What is the primary function of selenium in the body?

A

Acts as an antioxidant and supports thyroid function

103
Q

Fill in the blank: The body stores excess glucose as ______ in the liver and muscles.

104
Q

Which of the following is a major dietary source of potassium? (A) Chicken (B) Bananas (C) Rice (D) Butter

A

B) Bananas

105
Q

What is the function of vitamin E?

A

Protects cells from oxidative damage

106
Q

List two food sources of folate.

A

Leafy greens, Legumes

107
Q

What is the role of the liver in metabolism?

A

Processes nutrients and detoxifies harmful substances

108
Q

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with rickets?

A

Vitamin D deficiency

109
Q

What is the main dietary source of trans fats?

A

Processed and fried foods

110
Q

True or False: Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for brain and heart health.

111
Q

Which of the following foods contains the most fiber? (A) White rice (B) Whole wheat bread (C) Cheese (D) Eggs

A

B) Whole wheat bread

112
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary function of the stomach is to break down food using ______ and enzymes.

113
Q

What is the main role of phospholipids in the body?

A

Form cell membranes

114
Q

Which of the following is a key function of sodium? (A) Bone growth (B) Fluid balance (C) Protein synthesis (D) Blood clotting

A

B) Fluid balance

115
Q

What is the role of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?

A

Filter waste and regulate fluid balance

116
Q

What is a key dietary source of healthy unsaturated fats?

117
Q

What is the function of antioxidants in the body?

A

Protect cells from damage caused by free radicals

118
Q

List two major dietary sources of vitamin A.

A

Carrots, Liver

119
Q

Which of these nutrients is required in the highest amount by the body? (A) Vitamins (B) Proteins (C) Water (D) Minerals

120
Q

What is the function of glycogen in the body?

A

Stores glucose for energy

121
Q

Fill in the blank: A lack of vitamin B12 can lead to ______ anemia.

A

Pernicious anemia

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