Nutrient Measurements Flashcards
What are Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs)?
Evidence-based benchmarks to assess dietary adequacy for individuals and populations.
What are the uses of NRVs?
Planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating nutrition programs and policies; assessing individual nutrient adequacy.
What does EAR stand for?
Estimated Average Requirement.
What does EAR represent?
Meets the nutrient needs of 50% of healthy individuals in a specific life stage and gender.
What does RDI stand for?
Recommended Dietary Intake.
What does RDI represent?
Meets the nutrient needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals.
What does AI stand for?
Adequate Intake.
When is AI used?
When EAR/RDI cannot be determined, common for infants or when data is insufficient.
What does UL stand for?
Upper Limit.
What does UL represent?
The maximum daily intake without adverse health effects in the general population.
What does SDT stand for?
Suggested Dietary Target.
What is the purpose of SDT?
Used for nutrients like dietary fibre, folate, Vitamin A, C, E, and sodium, with chronic disease reduction properties.
What does AMDR stand for?
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.
What is the macronutrient distribution in AMDR?
CHO: 45-65%, Protein: 15-25%, Fats: 20-35%, Saturated & Trans fats: <10% (trans fats <1%).
What does EER stand for?
Estimated Energy Requirement.
What does EER represent?
Average energy intake to maintain energy balance by life stage and gender.
How are NRVs applied in population surveys?
EAR/AI benchmarks are used to assess deficiencies.
How are NRVs applied in individual monitoring?
RDI/AI ensures deficiencies are unlikely.
What is the Glycemic Index (GI)?
Ranks food based on blood glucose response.
What is the Glycemic Load (GL)?
Considers the quantity of CHO in a serving.
What are high GL foods linked to?
Linked to diabetes risk due to insulin impact.
How can maintaining a low glycaemic load affect health?
Maintaining a low glycaemic load can help reduce risks of insulin resistance and diabetes.
What are the components of Nutritional Assessment?
A, B, C, D, E
What does Anthropometric assessment include?
Body measurements: BMI, WC, WHR.
Methods: Growth charts, skinfold calipers, bioelectrical impedance, DEXA, Bod Pod. Applications: Chronic disease risk, growth tracking.
What is Biochemical assessment?
Lab tests to assess nutrient levels, metabolism, and pathology.
What does Clinical assessment involve?
Overt physical signs (e.g., hair, nails, tongue). Symptoms: e.g., bloating, appetite issues. Health history: genetic risks, medical conditions.
What are the types of Dietary assessment?
Retrospective: 24-hour recall, FFQ (qualitative/quantitative analysis, memory-dependent). Prospective: Food diaries (3-day, app-based, more accurate but burdensome).
What is the formula for Energy Expenditure (EER)?
EER = BMR + PAL + TEF.
Basal metabolic rate + Physical activity level + Thermic effect of food
What is PAL in the context of Energy Balance?
Physical Activity Level: Most modifiable; increases energy/nutrient requirements.
What influences BMR?
Basel metabolic rate
Body size, lean muscle, growth, illness, prolonged fasting, substances (e.g., caffeine, steroids).
What defines Positive and Negative Energy Balance?
Positive: Intake > expenditure. Negative: Expenditure > intake.
What are Primary and Secondary Nutritional Imbalances?
Primary: Dietary intake deficiencies/excesses. Secondary: Issues with absorption, metabolism, storage, or excretion.
What is the progression of Nutritional Imbalances?
Covert (hidden) → Overt (visible symptoms).
What is included in the Ecological factors of nutritional assessment?
Occupation, income, education, food access, cultural influences.
What is Basal Metabolic Rate affected by?
Body size, Lean muscle tissue, Growth, Illness and infection, Prolonged fasting or starvation, Some drugs and other substances (e.g. steroids and caffeine)
