Fat Soluble Vitamins Flashcards
What are the characteristics of fat-soluble vitamins?
Absorbed with dietary fats, stored in the liver and fatty tissues.
Have a risk of toxicity
What are the forms of Vitamin A?
Retinoids (active, animal-based) include retinol, retinal, retinoic acid; carotenoids (plant-based, provitamin A) include beta-carotene and others that lack vitamin A activity.
What are the functions of Vitamin A?
Eye function, nervous system, skin health, cell function, antioxidant, bone, tissue, growth, reproduction and immune function.
Example: Beta-carotene protects cells.
What are the deficiency symptoms of Vitamin A?
Blindness, poor immunity, dry cornea, softened cornea, hyperkeratosis (white lumps on skin) and stunted growth.
What are the toxicity effects of Vitamin A?
Hypervitaminosis A; can cause liver damage, birth defects, and bone weakening.
What are the forms of Vitamin D?
D3 (cholecalciferol) from UVB exposure or animal products, D2 (ergocalciferol) from plant sources, and calcitriol (active form).
What are the functions of Vitamin D?
Maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis
* Bone development
* Cell differentiation, proliferation, and growth
* Immune function
* Brain function
What are the deficiency symptoms of Vitamin D?
Rickets in children and osteomalacia or osteoporosis in adults.
What are the toxicity effects of Vitamin D?
Hypervitaminosis D; high serum calcium and calcification of soft tissues.
What are the sources of Vitamin E?
Found in PUFA-rich foods such as nuts, seeds, oils, and leafy greens.
What are the functions of Vitamin E?
Acts as a fat-soluble antioxidant and regenerates vitamin C.
What are the deficiency symptoms of Vitamin E?
Causes oxidative damage, hemolytic anemia, and nerve damage.
What are the toxicity effects of Vitamin E?
Rare, but may enhance anticoagulant effects.
What are the forms of Vitamin K?
K1 (phylloquinone) from green leafy vegetables and K2 (menaquinones) from animal products and gut bacteria.
What are the functions of Vitamin K?
Activates clotting factors, facilitates calcium binding in bones, and prevents kidney stone formation.
What are the deficiency symptoms of Vitamin K?
Can lead to hemorrhage, especially in newborns.
What are the toxicity effects of Vitamin K?
Unknown.
What is the dependency of fat-soluble vitamins?
All fat-soluble vitamins rely on dietary fat for proper absorption.
What are the risks of supplementation for fat-soluble vitamins?
High doses of vitamins A and D can cause toxicity.
What is important for balanced intake of fat-soluble vitamins?
Combine dietary sources with controlled supplementation as needed.
What is the RDI for Vitamin D?
5.0 µg /day
51-70 yr 10.0 µg /day
>70 yr 15.0 µg /day
What is the RDI for Vitamin A?
Female: 700 µg/day
Male: 900 µg/day
What is the RDI for Vitamin K?
Female: 60 µg/day
Male: 70 µg/day
What is the RDI for Vitamin E?
Female: 7 mg/day
Male: 10 mg/day
