Nutrient digestion

Question 1

name three monosaccharides

Answer 1

glucose
galactose
fructose

Question 2

name three disaccharides and the make-up of each

Answer 2

lactose - glucose and galactose
sucrose - glucose and fructose
maltose - glucose and glucose

Question 3

name three polysaccharides

Answer 3

starch - hydrolysed to amylase
cellulose - fibre, bacteria needed for breakdown
glycogen - alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds

Question 4

what is glucose coupled with for absorption by small intestine cells ?

Answer 4

Na

Question 5

which transporter transports glucose into the blood stream ?

Answer 5

GLUT-2

Question 6

what two transporters are used for transporting fructose into the intestinal cells and then the blood stream ?

Answer 6

GLUT-5

GLUT-2

Question 7

where is fat digested and what enzyme is responsible ?

Answer 7

small intestine

pancreatic lipase

Question 8

what emulsifies the fat ?

Answer 8

bile acids

Question 9

what is a micelle composed of ?

Answer 9

bile
monoglyceride
fatty acids
phospholipids

Question 10

what is TAG broken down into ?

Answer 10

monoglyceride and two fatty acids

Question 11

where do the breakdown products of TAG get reformed in the cell ?

Answer 11

the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

what happens to TAG once it is reformed in the cell ?

Answer 12

it is excised as chylomicrons which pass into lacteals

Question 13

what are the fat soluble vitamins ?

Answer 13

A
D
E
K

Question 14

what are the water soluble vitamins ?

Answer 14

B
C
B12 (folic acid)

Question 15

what does vitamin B12 bind to and where is it absorbed ?

Answer 15

binds to intrinsic factor in the stomach

absorbed in the distal ileum

Question 16

what transporter moves iron into the duodenal enterocytes ?

Answer 16

DMT1

Question 17

what is iron incorporated with in the cell and what does it bind to in the blood ?

Answer 17

incorporated into ferritin

binds to transferrin