nutrient digestion Flashcards

1
Q

digestion

A

enzymatic conversion of complex dietary substances to a form that can be absorbed

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2
Q

types of digestion

A

luminal and membrane

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3
Q

What is luminal digestion mediated by

A

pancreatic enzymes secreted into duodenum

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4
Q

what is membrane digestion mediated by

A

enzymes sitauted at the bruhs border of epithelial cells

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5
Q

absorption

A

process by which absorbale products of digestion are transferred across apical and basolateral membranes of enterocytes

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6
Q

what are enterocytes

A

absorptive cells of the intestinal epithelium

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7
Q

name of overall process of digestion and absorption

A

assimilation

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8
Q

what is the main energy source

A

starch

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9
Q

what is starch stored as

A

carbohydrate

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10
Q

what is starch composed of

A

amylase and amylopectin; polysacharides

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11
Q

difference between poly and mono sachhardies

A

long chain of carbs composed of monos v simplest form of carbs

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12
Q

what are monosacharides as chemicals

A

aldehydes/ ketones

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13
Q

what are amylose and amylopectin broken down to

A

oligosaccharides

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14
Q

what are oligos broken down to

A

monosachharides

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15
Q

what are examples of monos

A

fructose and glucose

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16
Q

what breaks the bonds in amylose

A

alpha amylose

17
Q

what breaks down oligosaccharides

A

oligosaccharidases

18
Q

how do monos get into the cell

A

via transporters

19
Q

how are proteins broken down

A

via enzymes in the lumen a little in th elumen then further at bruhs border into a fragment of a peptide

20
Q

what are peptides broken down into and where do they go

A

brooken down into amino acids and go straight into the blood

21
Q

what are exopeptidases

A

broken down into an amino acid starigth away

22
Q

what are endopeptidases

A

broken down into a fragment before amino acids

23
Q

how are glucose and galactose absorbed into mucosa of gi tract

A

via secondary active mediated by SGLT1

24
Q

how is fructose absorbed

A

via facilitated diffusion by glut5

25
Q

how do monosaccharides exit GI mucosa

A

via facilitated diffusion through GLUT5

26
Q

How are proteins brokoen down in the stomach

A

HCL denatures them and pepsin cleaves proteins into peptides

27
Q

what breaks down the peptides

A

trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase A and B

28
Q

how are fat soluble vitamins absorbed

A

via passive diffusion into enterocytes where they are incorporated into chylomicrons for release into lymphatics

29
Q

what are fat soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

30
Q
A