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2019/2020 Alcohol CLASP and Derm > Nutrient Deficiency > Flashcards

Nutrient Deficiency Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Role of Vitamin A

A

Vital for epithelial proliferation, keratinisation and development

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2
Q

Sources of Vitamin A

A

Animal - milk, liver, eggs, oily fish

Plant - green leafy veg, bright yellow/orange fruit and veg

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3
Q

Presentation of Vitamin A deficiency

A

Keratotic follicular papules on the thighs, upper arms and dry skin

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4
Q

How to diagnose Vitamin A deficiency

A

Measure serum Vitamin A

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5
Q

Role of Vitamin K

A

Essential for several blood coagulation factors

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6
Q

Sources of Vitamin K

A

Green leafy veg, liber, legumes, vegetable oils

Also produced by bacteria in the GI tract

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7
Q

Presentation of Vitamin K deficiency

A

Bleeding tendency, seen in skin as purpura and easy bruising

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8
Q

How to diagnose Vitamin K deficiency

A

Measure coagulation and serum Vitamin K

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9
Q

What is Vitamin B2 also known as

A

Riboflavin

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10
Q

What is the role of Vitamin B2?

A

Essential co-factor in numerous metabolic reactions

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11
Q

What are the sources of Vitamin B2?

A

Milk, liver, meat, eggs, green leafy veg

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12
Q

How does Vitamin B2 deficiency present

A

Lesions of the margins of the lips (cheilosis) and corners of the mouth (angular stomatitis).

Painful read and dry tongue

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13
Q

How to diagnose Vitamin B2 deficiency

A

Measure the activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR)

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14
Q

What is Vitamin B3 also known as?

A

Niacin

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15
Q

What is the role of Vitamin B3?

A

Essential co-factor in numerous metabolic reactions

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16
Q

What are the sources of Vitamin B3?

A

Meat, fish, nuts, coffee

Also converted from dietary tryptophan (essential amino acid) in the body

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17
Q

How does vitamin B3 deficiency present?

A

Pellagra

D-dermatitis, bilateral, symmetrical, itchy, red rash, worse on sun exposed areas

D-delirium, headaches, irritability, anxiety, depression and memory impairment

D-diarrhoea with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting

D-death in 4-5 years if not treated

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18
Q

How to diagnose Vitamin B3 deficiency

A

Clinical diagnosis, as difficult to measure levels

Nicotinamide supplementation brings rapid improvement

19
Q

What is the role of Vitamin B6?

A

Co-enzyme for many processes

20
Q

What are the sources of Vitamin B6?

A

Meat, cereals, milk, potatoes, bananas, nuts and pulses

21
Q

How does Vitamin B6 deficiency present?

A

Dermatitis of the face, scalp, neck, shoulders, buttocks and perineum, tongue inflammation (glossitis)

22
Q

How to diagnose Vitamin B6 deficiency

A

Measure serum or urinary Vitamin B6

Trial of supplement

23
Q

What is the role of Folate?

A

Critical co-enzyme in many processes with similar deficiency states

24
Q

What are the sources of Folate?

A

Liver, green leafy veg, beans, nuts and milk

25
Q

What is the presentation of folate deficiency?

A

Anaemia, angular stomatitis, glossitis, hair depigmentation, skin and mucous membrane pigmentation.

26
Q

How to diagnose folate deficiency?

A

Measure serum folate

27
Q

What is the role of Vitamin B12?

A

Critical co-enzymes in many processes with similar deficiency states

28
Q

What are the sources of Vitamin B12

A

Only found in foods of animal origin such as meat, milk, fish and eggs

29
Q

How does Vitamin B12 deficiency present?

A

Anaemia, angular stomatitis, glossitis, hair depigmentation, skin and mucous membrane pigmentation.

Neurological symptoms

30
Q

What is the role of Biotin?

A

Essential co-factor for carboxylase enzymes

31
Q

What are the sources of biotin?

A

Cereals, milk, eggs, pulses, nuts.

Also produced by GI bacteria

32
Q

How does biotin deficiency present?

A

Rare - usually only seenin malabsorptive states or inadequate parenteral nutrition.

Facial dermatitis, glossitis, alopecia

33
Q

How to diagnose biotin deficiency?

A

Measure serum biotin

34
Q

What is Vitamin C also known as?

A

Ascorbic acid

35
Q

What is the role of Vitamin C?

A

Essential co-factor in collagen formation

36
Q

What are the sources of vitamin C?

A

Citrus fruits, strawberries, blackcurrants, tomatoes, potatoes

37
Q

How does Vitamin C deficiency present?

A

Hyperkeratosis around hair follicles, bent hairs, inflamed gums, poor wound healing.

Also fatigue, malaise, muscle and bone pain

38
Q

How to diagnose Vitamin C deficiency?

A

Usually clinical diagnosis

39
Q

What is the role of zinc?

A

Required for many metabolic pathways. Required for structure and function of skin and so vital for wound healing

40
Q

What are the sources of zinc?

A

Meat, fish, milk, eggs, cereals, nuts and pulses

41
Q

How does zinc deficiency present?

A

Genetic - Acrodermatitis enterpathica (autosomal recessive) caused by lack of zinc absorption. Infants develop diarrhoea, alopecia, dry / brittle hair, perioral, facial and acral (i.e. hands and feet) dermatitis.

Acquired – more common, and may be due to increased elimination of zinc secondary to burns or infection. Dermatitic rash of hands and feet mainly, growth retardation in children

42
Q

How to diagnose zinc deficiency?

A

Measure the serum zinc

43
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin A and K

44
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A 
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Bitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B6
Folate
Vitamin B12
Biotin
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

2019/2020 Alcohol CLASP and Derm (4 decks)

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