CLASP Alcohol

Question 1

How is methanol toxicity treated

Answer 1

With ethanol

Both metabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 2

Alcohol is mainly absorbed by

Answer 2

The small intestine

Question 3

Where is alcohol metabolised

Answer 3

~90% in the liver

Question 4

How does alcohol cause ketoacidosis

Answer 4

By impairing oxidation and building up ketones

Question 5

Alcohol inhibits ADH causing what?

Answer 5

Reduced water resorption and clearer urine

Question 6

What kind of effect does acute alcohol ingestion have on the heart?

Answer 6

Negative inotropic effect

Question 7

How much is one unit in ethanol?

Answer 7

10ml or 8 grams

Question 8

Define hazardous drinking

Answer 8

Drinking that increases the risk of harmful consequences
14-35 units for women
14-50 units for men

Question 9

Define harmful drinking

Answer 9

Drinking that causes mental of physical damage
35 for women
50 for men

Question 10

Define alcohol dependence

Answer 10

A strong desire to drink alcohol and difficulties controlling it’s use

Question 11

How many units per person (without non-drinkers) did 2017 alcohol sales total to?

Answer 11

24 units per week

Question 12

What is the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT)?

Answer 12

A 10 question harm screening tool from the WHO

A score above 20 means there is a possible dependence

Question 13

What is the drug of choice for medically assisted detoxification?

Answer 13

Chlordiazepoxide

Question 14

Complications of withdrawal

Answer 14

Seizures
Hallucinations
Derlirium tremens
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 15

Pharmacological treatments for relapse prevention

Answer 15

Acamprosate
Naltrexone
Disulfiram

Question 16

Acamprosate

Answer 16

Acts on GABA and glutamate transmission to correct imbalances

Question 17

Naltrexone

Answer 17

Blocks opioid receptors, reduces the rewarding effects of the endorphin system

Question 18

Disulfiram

Answer 18

Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to cause and unpleasant reaction to drinking alcohol
Low compliance

Question 19

What is the best objective marker for alcohol consumption data

Answer 19

Sales and mortality rates

Question 20

How much does alcohol harm cause the NHS per year?

Answer 20

3.5 billion pounds per year

Question 21

What damage can alcohol due to nerves and muscles?

Answer 21

Peripheral neuropathy
Compression neuropathy
Myopathy

Question 22

Wernicke syndrome is associated with

Answer 22

Occular dysfunction, ataxia and acute confusion

Question 23

Korsakoff syndrome is associated with

Answer 23

Profound anterograde amnesia

Question 24

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is caused by

Answer 24

Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency

Question 25

Cardiomyopathy can be caused by

Answer 25

8-9 units a day for 5+ years

Question 26

Acute arrhythmias caused by alcohol are known as

Answer 26

Holiday heart syndrome

Question 27

Chronic arrhythmias caused by alcohol are known as

Answer 27

Long QT

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 28

What is the mortality of alcohol related hepatitis

Answer 28

~50%

Question 29

How many calories are there in alcohol?

Answer 29

7 cals per 1 gram

Question 30

How does alcohol increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies?

Answer 30

It can replace food intake and alter appetite
Decreases pancreatic and bile secretions
Damages the stomach lining so nutrient transport is limited
Decreases liver stores and increases fat

Question 31

Risk of drinking to fetus

Answer 31

1st trimester: risk of miscarriage and premature birth
Range of lifelong conditions
Alcohol in the blood stream = alcohol in breastmilk