Nutients, Vitimans, And Minerals Flashcards
Can also be termed nourishment or ailment
Is the step involved in absorption of feed by the body, utilized for maintenance, reproduction, and growth
Aids in preventing disease and promoting health
Nutrition
Are essential for life and required for diet
Are substances or chemical compounds required by the animal for productive purposes
Build and repair tissues, give heat and energy, and regulate body processes
Nutrients
A mixture of the feed stuffs available for the animal to provide the nutrients
Diet
Are composed of 20 amino acids
Can be calculated by multiplying percentage of nitrogen by 6.25
Protiens
Organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group
Amino acids
Are composed only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Are the main source of energy
Comprise 65-75% of dry weight in grains, forages, and roughages
Carbohydrates
Sugars
Quickly digested
Quick source of energy
Contain refined sugars and few essential vitamins and minerals
Simple carbohydrates
Starches
Require longer to digest
Usually packed with fiber, vitamins, and minerals
Complex carbohydrates
Are used as energy
Are broken down into two types
Are composed of glycerol esterified to 3 fatty acids
Can vary in length and saturation
Lipids (fats)
Typically of animals origin
Fats
Typically of plant or marine origin
Oils
Is the presences of double bonds
Saturation
Have no double bonds
Saturated fatty acids
Have on or more double bonds
Unsaturated fatty acids
Are present in food and required by the body in small amounts
Regulate metabolism and maintenance for normal growth and functioning
Vitamins
Are stored in body fat and in the liver when not in use
Taken in excess can be harmful, as they do not readily leave the body
Fat solvable vitamins
Can be dissolved in water
Aren’t stored in the body and must be replenished daily
Contain little health concern if excessive amounts are consumed
Water soluble vitamins
Aids in releasing energy from carbohydrates
Helps with nerve function
Plays a key role in glucose metabolism
Requirements are influenced by animal size, genetic factors, and physiological status
Vitamin B-1 (Thiamine)
Is required for normal cell activity to occur and for maturation of red blood cells
More important in a ruminant than in a non-ruminant
Involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism
Helps with protein synthesis
Mainly stored in the liver
Vitamin B-12
Is found only in animals Aids in vision including night vision Essential for proper kidney function Used for development of bones, teeth and nerve tissues Helps maintain a healthier immune system Mostly stored in the liver
Vitamin A
Is formed by the presence of sunlight upon certain sterols
Promotes growth and maintenance of bones and teeth
Aids in regulation of blood calcium levels
Increases the absorption from the digestive tract and metabolic use of phosphorus and calcium
Vitamin D
Made by bacteria in the rumen
Essential in the liver for the production of prothrombin
Required for the synthesis of plasma clotting factors
Vitamin K
