Nuthall Disease Dilemmas

Question 1

Zoonotic disease?

Answer 1

Infections diseases such as rabies, plague, psittacosis which are transmitted firm animals to humans

Question 2

Non- infectious disease?

Answer 2

Non communicable

Main cause of death in developed countries and increasing in developing countries

Question 3

…….. billion people are at risk of malaria in ….. countries

Answer 3

3.2billion

In 97 countries

Question 4

Malaria us transmitted by the ………. Mosquito

Answer 4

Anopheles

Question 5

In 2015 ……..million people were infected with HIV/AIDS worldwide

Answer 5

35 million

Question 6

In Lesotho more than ……..(fraction)carry HIV/AIDS

Answer 6

1/4

Question 7

…….% of AIDS death’s occur in low and middle income countries although it is present in all regions

Answer 7

95%

Question 8

In 2012 …….. cases of West Nile virus were reported in the USA

Answer 8

5,500

Too hot in East Africa for tsetse fly to survive

Question 9

Brazil:

In 1974 there were 2 underweight for every overweight, this was reversed by ….

Answer 9

1997

Question 10

Malaria is endemic to …..% of Ethiopia’s land area

……%of the population live in these areas.

Answer 10

75%

25%

Question 11

GlaxoSmithkline 2013 turnover of £…….billion

Answer 11

23billion

Question 12

GlaxoSmithkline employs …… People in R&D

Answer 12

13,000

Question 13

GlaxoSmithkline caps prices of patented drugs in LIDC’ to ……………..

Answer 13

25% of UK prices

Question 14

What did Project Medishare do in Haiti

Answer 14

Travel door to door, making it possible for people in most remote areas to access health services

Question 15

Project Medishare

Since 2010 ………medical professionals(number) have volunteered with them in Haiti

Answer 15

9000

Question 16

What do Women First do in Ethiopia?

Answer 16

Support the formation and facilitation of women’s group using a participatory approach that empowers communities to take action to improve reprodctuve, maternal and newborn child +adolescent health.

Question 17

How many womens groups has Women First established in Ethiopia?

Answer 17

More than 6000

Question 18

UnAids

Established?

Answer 18

1996

Question 19

UnAids

Aims to end AIDS endemic as a public health problem by ……..

Answer 19

2030

Question 20

UnAids

There are ……UN theme groups (number) that operate across …….(no.) countries.

Answer 20

130 theme groups

155 countries

Question 21

During the period of infection, there were …….. reported cases of SARS and ….. deaths

Answer 21

8098 cases

774 deaths

Question 22

SARS

How many countries affected worldwide?

Answer 22

29 countries

Question 23

Cancer rates have risen by ……..% for women in the UK since 1970

Answer 23

43%

Question 24

India’s young fast food market is already worth US$ …….. billion.

Answer 24

15 billion

Question 25

In Haiti only .....% of the population have access to healthcare.

Answer 25

17%

Question 26

In Haiti only.......% of the population had access to drinking water and ....% to reliable latriens

Answer 26

60% | And 17%

Question 27

More than ...... billion people globally are overweight or obese

Answer 27

2.1 billion

Question 28

......% of cancer cases are preventable and can be linked with lifestyle choices.

Answer 28

42%

Question 29

Lost production in Sub-Daharan Africa due to Malaria is estimated to be US$ .......billion a year

Answer 29

$ 12 billion a year

Question 30

In Ethiopia, Malaria absorbed .....% of national health expenditure

Answer 30

40%

Question 31

As temperatures rise, Trypanasomasis( sleeping sickness) is likely to spread into southern Africa. However??

Answer 31

However it may disappear firm East Africa where the climate may become too hot for the Tsetse larvae to survive.

Question 32

Almost 50% of Ebola cases have been directly linked to.........

Answer 32

Bushmeat consumption and handling

Question 33

Between October 2010 and Oct 2013 there were mare than ..... cases of cholera in Haiti

Answer 33

682,500 cases

Question 34

The arrival of Hurricane ........... In Haiti in November 2010 casued rapid flooding in many parts of the country, leading to overflowing latriens and Futher spreading of ......... infected water.

Answer 34

Hurricane Tomas | Cholera

Question 35

During 2014 UNOPS reached over........people with Cholera awareness campaigns and disinfect ........ households and distributed ...... Cholera kits.

Answer 35

175,350 people 840 households 2500 cholera kits

Question 36

In 2001 only 41 Chinese cities measured and reported their air quality everyday, now it's ........ citys

Answer 36

300 citys

Question 37

.....million people are living with cancer in the UK today, costing the UK economy £......billion a year due to ......

Answer 37

2 million £15 Billion Early deaths, patient taking time out of eork, NHS treatment and cost of unpaid care.

Question 38

......% more women in the most affluent group survive bladder cancer compared with their most deprived counterparts.

Answer 38

14.2%

Question 39

In Africa NCD's are projected to exceed communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional diseases by .....

Answer 39

2030

Question 40

Expansionary diffusion??

Answer 40

A disease has a source and spreads outwards into new areas. Carriers in the source area remain infected.

Question 41

Relocation diffusion??

Answer 41

Occurs when a disease lives in the area or origin and moves to new areas. Haiti- cholera moved firm Nepal

Question 42

Contagious diffusion????

Answer 42

Describes the spread of disease through direct contact with a carrier. It is strongly influenced by distance. Ebola 2014-15

Question 43

Hierarchical diffusion???

Answer 43

A disease spreads through an ordered sequence of places, usually from the largest centres with the highest connectivity to smaller more isolated centres.

Question 44

What is Hägerstrand's diffusion model??

Answer 44

``` Model for the diffusion of contagious diseases. Distance decay S shaped curve Time on z-axis Cumulative % infected on y-axis ```

Question 45

What are the 4 stages of the Epidemiological Transition Model??

Answer 45

1) The age of pestilence and famine 2) The age of receding pandemics 3) The age of degenerative and man-made diseases 4) The age of delayed degenerative diseases and emerging infections diseases.

Question 46

The age of pestilence and famine

Answer 46

Mortality is high Life expectancy is low and variable Today all countries have passed through this phase

Question 47

The age of receding pandemics

Answer 47

Life expectancy rises above 50 years and population growth is sustained. Main cause of death shifts firm infections diseases to chronic and degenerative ones.

Question 48

The age of degenerative and man-made diseases

Answer 48

Rates of mortality slackens Futher improvement in living standards mean mortality due to infections diseases is rare. Degenerative disease becomes main cause of mortality.

Question 49

The age of delayed degenerative diseases and emerging infectious diseases

Answer 49

Where medical advancements delay the onset of degenerative diseases and CVDs Obesity and diabetes become increasingly common and problematic health factors

Question 50

Mitigation against pandemic - Malaria | Prevention strategies? (4 of them)

Answer 50

Promoting human rights and equality for groups most at risk. More tolerant society encourages the use of health programmes. Male circumcision reduces transfer rates although this may be culturally unacceptable. Data gathering - epidemiology of HIV virus leads to more targeted prevention.

Question 51

Mitigation against pandemic - Malaria | Diagnosis? 2 of them

Answer 51

Screening for HIV antibodies in blood and saliva samples. | Early diagnosis reduces the changes of developing AIDS.

Question 52

Mitigation against pandemic - Malaria | Treatment ?

Answer 52

Botswana's govt implemented 2 programmes between 2004 and 2016 Multilateral agencies such as the WHO and UNICEF. Low cost antiretroviral drugs (AVRs) widely available. Today out of the 8 million people that receive HIV/AIDS drugs 6 million are supported by The Global Fund and its partners. UN backed initiative through which pharmaceutical companies have been granting licences to generic drug makers in developing countries to make cheaper drugs for HIV/AIDS.

Question 53

Mitigation against pandemic - Malaria | Effectiveness?

Answer 53

Number of new HIV infections was 33% lower in 2013 than 2001. The overall UN Millennium Development Goal (goal 6) was mostly achieved but access to treatment for all HIV/AIDS sufferers by 2010 was not achieved. By mid 2007, 20.9 million people were receiving HIV antiretroviral therapy globally. However nearly half of all people in need are still waiting for treatment.

Question 54

Nigeria coped very well with the Ebola outbreak in 2013-16. only ....... became ill and ...... died. In contrast to Sierra Leone where there was........ deaths in 2014 alone.

Answer 54

19 people became ill 7 died 3956

Question 55

SARS first spread on the .......th floor of the ............ hotel in .... ....

Answer 55

9th floor The Metropole hotel Hong Kong

Question 56

.................. Bay divides the state of Maryland into two, reducing the spread of .......... in 1917-38

Answer 56

Chesapeake | Measles

Question 57

Nepal ........ earthquake leading to landslides preventing access therefore reducing response to the ..........epidemic.

Answer 57

2015 | Cholera

Question 58

Half of the .......... tribe in Peru was wiped out in the early 1980s after they were contacted by the first time by ........ .........

Answer 58

Nahua | Oil explorers.